Country Species Summary

Clupea pallasii pallasii in Canada
Pacific herring

Clupea pallasii pallasii Valenciennes, 1847
Family:	Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)	picture (Clpal_u0.jpg) by JJPhoto
Order:	Clupeiformes (herrings)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Pacific herring
Max. size:	46.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 27436); max. reported age: 19 years
Environment:	pelagic-neritic; non-migratory ; depth range 0 - 475 m
Climate:	temperate; 77°N - 33°N
Global Importance:	fisheries: highly commercial; bait: usually
Resilience:	Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717))
Distribution:	Arctic: White Sea eastward to Ob inlet. Western Pacific: Anadyr Bay, eastern coasts of Kamchatka, possibly the Aleutian Islands southward to Japan and west coast of Korea. Eastern Pacific: Kent Peninsula at 107°W and Beaufort Sea southward to northern Baja California, Mexico.
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13-21; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 12-23; Vertebrae: 46-58. Without prominent keel; no median notch in upper jaw. Gill cover without radiating bony striae. No distinctive dark spots on body or fins. Overlaps C. harengus in White Sea, but distinguished by fewer vertebrae (usually 52 to 55; cf. usually 55 to 57) and fewer post-pelvic scutes (10 to 14; cf. 12 to 16). Dark blue to olivaceous above, shading to silver below (Ref. 27547). Precaudal vertebrae: 29-31-32; caudal vertebrae: 19-22-22 (Ref. 265).
Biology:	Neritic species (Ref. 11230). A coastal and schooling species (Ref. 188). Landlocked populations exist. Mature adults migrate inshore, entering estuaries to breed. During the summer of their first year, young form schools in shallow bays, inlets and channels that appear at the surface; these schools disappear in the fall and remain in deep water for the next 2-3 years (Ref. 6885, 27547). Young feed mainly on crustaceans, but also take decapod and mollusk larvae; adults prey mainly on large crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 6885, 27547). Because it does not undertake extensive coastal migrations, the mixing of local populations is relatively rare (Ref. 27547). In the eastern Pacific, the fish is mainly caught for roe markets in Asia (Ref. 9988). There is a fishery for eggs laid on kelp, which when salted, is called kazunoko-kombu, and is considered an delicacy in Japan (Ref. 27547). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked, canned, and frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, and baked (Ref. 9988). Possibly to 475 m depth (Ref. 6793)
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:
Main Ref:	Whitehead, P.J.P.. 1985. (Ref. 188)
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Canada country information
Common names:	Hareng du Pacifique, Pacific herring, Iituuq, Kavisilâq, Krolleliprark, Pikoaktit, Pirkroartitak, Qaaktaq, Qaantaq	Ref: Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2004
Status:	native	Ref: Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Salinity:	freshwater, brackish, marine
Importance:	commercial	Ref: Clemens, W.A. and G.V. Wilby, 1961
Regulations:	restricted	Ref: Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 1995
Uses:	gamefish: yes; bait: yes
Comments:	Ranges from British Columbia (Ref. 6885) to Nunavut (Ref. 58426). Rarely enters freshwater (Ref. 11980). Utilized as a source of oil and fish meal; sold fresh, canned, and smoked (Ref. 4925). Also Ref. 188, 4925, 6793, 11007.
States/Provinces:	British Columbia (native) Northwest Territories (native) Nunavut (native) Yukon Territory (native)
States/Provinces Complete?:	No
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ca.html
National Fisheries Authority:	www.ncr.dfo.ca/home_e.htm
Occurrences:	Occurrences Point map
Main Ref:	Hart, J.L., 1973
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Modified: Garilao, Cristina V.

Entered: Carpenter, Kent E.

CGNET - US

Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07

	Ref.:		Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)		(e.g. cephalopods)
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