Country Species Summary

Coregonus clupeaformis in Canada
Lake whitefish

Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill, 1818)
Family:	Salmonidae (Salmonids) , subfamily: Coregoninae	picture (Coclu_u0.jpg) by Scarola, J.F.
Order:	Salmoniformes (salmons)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Lake whitefish
Max. size:	100.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 9988); max. published weight: 19.0 kg (Ref. 28850); max. reported age: 50 years
Environment:	demersal; anadromous ; depth range 18 - 128 m
Climate:	temperate; 71°N - 40°N
Global Importance:	fisheries: commercial; aquarium: public aquariums
Resilience:	Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.06-0.19; tmax=50)
Distribution:	North America: throughout Alaska and most of Canada south into New England, the Great Lakes basin, and central Minnesota. This species was stocked into high Andean lakes in two countries in southern Latin America (Ref. 1739). Probably conspecific with Coregonus lavaretus (Ref. 7506). Belongs to Coregonus clupeaformis complex (Ref. 27547).
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11-13; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 10-14; Vertebrae: 55-64. Adipose fin well developed, often larger in males; axillary process present in pelvic fins (Ref. 27547). Dark brown to midnight blue above fading to silver on sides and wide beneath; no parr marks in young (Ref. 27547).
Biology:	Primarily a lake dweller (Ref. 27547). Also found in large rivers and enters brackish water (Ref. 5723). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Appears to be rather sedentary, at least in the Great Lakes (Ref. 27547). Movement in large lakes generally consists of 4 stages: movement from deep to shallow water in the spring; movement back to deep water in the summer as the shoal water warms; migration to shallow-water spawning areas in the fall and early winter; and post-spawning movement back to deeper water (Ref. 27547). Forms separate populations in large lakes (Ref. 27547). Adults feed mainly on aquatic insect larvae, mollusks and amphipods (Ref. 1091, 3849), but also other fishes and fish eggs, including their own (Ref. 1998). Extensive hatchery programs for the propagation have been carried out on the Great Lakes and other areas for years (Ref. 3746, 3849). Valued for its meat as well as for its roe, which is made into an excellent caviar; utilized fresh, smoked, and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988)
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:
Main Ref:	Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman. 1973. (Ref. 1998)
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Canada country information
Common names:	Lake whitefish, Common whitefish, Grand corégone, Anadleq, Anâdlerk, Anahik, Atekamek, Atihkamekw, Atikamek, Attikumèk, Eastern whitefish, Gizzard fish, Great Lakes whitefish, Humpback whitefish, Inland whitefish, Jikuktok, Kakiviaktok, Kakiviartût, Kakkiviartoq, Kapihilik, Kapisilik, Kavasilik, Kaviselik, Kavisilik, Keki-yuak-tuk, Lake whitefish, Pi-kok-tok, Pikuktuq, Pikuktuuq, Qalupiaq, Qelaluqaq, Whitefish	Ref: Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973
Status:	native	Ref:
Salinity:	freshwater, brackish, marine
Importance:	commercial	Ref: Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns, 2001
Regulations:	restricted	Ref: Fisheries Branch, 1994
Uses:	gamefish: yes
Comments:	Throughout Canada, excluding Prince Edward Island (Ref. 52559). Also Ref. 9988, 27547, 58426.
States/Provinces:	Alberta (native) British Columbia (native) Manitoba (native) New Brunswick (native) Newfoundland and Labrador (native) Northwest Territories (native) Nova Scotia (native) Nunavut (native) Ontario (native) Quebec (native) Saskatchewan (native) Yukon Territory (native)
States/Provinces Complete?:	Yes
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ca.html
National Fisheries Authority:	www.ncr.dfo.ca/home_e.htm
Occurrences:	Occurrences Point map
Main Ref:	Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973
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Checked: Garilao, Cristina V.

Modified: Ortañez, Auda Kareen

Entered: Froese, Rainer

CGNET - US

Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07

	Ref.:		Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)		(e.g. cephalopods)
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