Country Species Summary

Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803)
Family:	Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)	picture (Alfal_u1.jpg) by Meyer, T.
Order:	Clupeiformes (herrings)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Twaite shad
Max. size:	60.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; Ref. 35388); max. published weight: 1,500 g (Ref. 188); max. reported age: 25 years
Environment:	pelagic-neritic; anadromous ; depth range - 1 m
Climate:	temperate; 70°N - 27°N
Global Importance:	fisheries: minor commercial
Resilience:	Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.21-0.38; tm=2-7; tmax=25)
Distribution:	Northeast Atlantic: from southern coasts of Scandinavia to the coast of Morocco, including the British Islands and the Baltic Sea (Ref. 188, Ref. 51442). Also whole of Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 188, Ref. 51442), including the Black Sea (Ref. 26334). Some subspecies have been recognized mainly on the basis of gill raker counts (Ref. 188). In Appendix III of the Bern Convention (protected fauna).
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 4-6; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12-16; Anal spines: 3-4; Anal soft rays: 16-22; Vertebrae: 55-59. Body somewhat compressed, moderately deep but depth at pectoral fin less than head length (Ref. 188, Ref. 51442). Upper jaw notched, lower jaw fitting into it (Ref. 188). Gill rakers fairly short and stout, total 30 to 80, shorter than gill filaments (Ref. 188). Large, thin scales (Ref. 51442). Scutes apparent along belly (Ref. 188). A dark spot posterior to gill opening, followed by 7 or 8 similar spots along flank ( but sometimes faint or absent) (Ref. 188). Also Ref. 2196.
Biology:	Amphihaline species (Ref. 51442), schooling and strongly migratory, but apparently not penetrating far up rivers (Ref. 188). Enters tidal parts of rivers in May or early June to spawn there or a little above (Ref. 188, Ref. 51442). Spawning takes place at night over sand or gravel, at a temperature range of 15-20°C. Adults return to sea after spawning, and could later return to spawn a second or third time (Ref. 51442). Eggs are demersal, scattered over gravel or sand (Ref. 188). The fry move down river as they develop (Ref. 188). Ichthyophagous, feeds on small fishes and crustaceans, the young taking the fry of herrings, sprats and gobies (Ref. 188, Ref. 51442). Suffers from river pollution and to some extent from river barrages (Ref. 188). Sexually mature at an age of 3-4 years and a length of 30-40 cm (Ref. 35388)
Threatened:	, (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:
Main Ref:	Whitehead, P.J.P.. 1985. (Ref. 188)
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Denmark country information
Common names:	Stavsild, Stamsild	Ref: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1990
Status:	native	Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
Salinity:	freshwater, brackish, marine
Abundance:	fairly common (chances are about 50%)	Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
Regulations:	restricted	Ref:
Uses:	no uses
Comments:	Occurs throughout the waters of Denmark (Ref. 6302). Minimum size limit in TL for commercial fishing in the North Sea: 30 cm (Ref. 10963). Also Ref. 9946.
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/da.html
Occurrences:	Occurrences Point map
Main Ref:	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
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Checked: Sampang, Arlene G.

Modified: Dalsgaard, Anne Johanne Tang

Entered: Carpenter, Kent E.

CGNET - US

Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07

	Ref.:		Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)		(e.g. cephalopods)
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