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Strongylura exilis in Galapagos Islands
Californian needlefish

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Strongylura exilis   (Girard, 1854)
Family:	Belonidae (Needlefishes)			picture (Stexi_u0.jpg) by Robertson, R.
Order:	Beloniformes  (needle fishes)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Californian needlefish
Max. size:	91.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 2850)
Environment:	pelagic-neritic
Climate:	subtropical; 33°N - 15°S
Global Importance:	fisheries: minor commercial
Resilience:	Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)
Distribution:	Eastern Pacific: San Francisco in California, USA to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13-17; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 16-19; Vertebrae: 67-74. Caudal fin emarginate (Ref. 9279). Branchiostegal rays: 11-12 (Ref. 36575).
Biology:	Common in coastal and lagoon areas with mangroves (Ref. 9279). Also found in bays and harbors (Ref. 36575). Penetrate fresh water (Ref. 9279). Adults occur in small schools. Feed mainly on small fishes (Ref. 9279). Oviparous, with neustonic larvae (Ref. 36575). Eggs are attached to vegetation and floating objects via long filaments (Ref. 36575). Usually caught with the help of artificial lights (Ref. 9279). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9279)
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List  , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:	Collette, Bruce B.
Main Ref:	Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann. 1983. (Ref. 2850)
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Galapagos Islands country information
Common names:	[ No common name ]		Ref:
Status:	native		Ref:  Grove, J.S., 1985
Salinity:	freshwater, brackish, marine
Regulations:	no regulations		Ref:
Uses:	no uses
Comments:	Observed in greater frequency during the 1982-83 El Niño (Ref. 9405). Also Ref. 2850.
Country Information:
Occurrences:	Occurrences    Point map
Main Ref:	Collette, B.B., 1995
Update

More information:	Countries FAO areas Occurrences Introductions Ecosystem Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Predators Ciguatera Fish loss Common names Synonyms Pictures Sounds Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg dev. Larvae Larval dynamics References Growth L-W relationship L-L relationship Length frequencies Recruitment Max. age & size Metabolism Morphology Morphometrics Gill area Brains Vision Collaborators Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Strains Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Diseases Ecotoxicology Processing Speed Swim. type Stamps
	Note: No data are available if label is black .
Tools:	Biogeographic modelling | E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency Wizard | Life-history tool | Point map |
Internet sources:	BiOSC Point Data | CISTI | Google | GOBASE | GenBank ( genome, nucleotide ) | PubMed | Recipes | Scirus | Tree of Life | Zoological Record
	Note: use the Back button of your browser to return to FishBase.
	Checked:  Garilao, Cristina V.	Modified:  Garilao, Cristina V.	Entered:  Luna, Susan M.

	Ref.:				Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)				(e.g. cephalopods)
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Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07