Country Species Summary

Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Family:	Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)	picture (Alalo_u0.jpg) by Meyer, T.
Order:	Clupeiformes (herrings)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Allis shad
Max. size:	83.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 7047); max. published weight: 4,000 g (Ref. 30578); max. reported age: 10 years
Environment:	pelagic-neritic; anadromous ; depth range - 5 m
Climate:	temperate; 61°N - 20°N
Global Importance:	fisheries: minor commercial
Resilience:	Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.19-0.29; tm=3.5; tmax=10)
Distribution:	Eastern Atlantic: from Bergen (Norway) along the coasts of Europe to northern Mauritania in Africa (Ref. 188, Ref. 51442). Also in western part of Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 188). Reported from the western part of the Baltic Sea up to the Kaliningrad Oblast (Ref. 12801, 26334). Appendix III of the Bern Convention (protected fauna).
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 4-6; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13-18; Anal spines: 3-4; Anal soft rays: 18-24; Vertebrae: 57-58. Body somewhat compressed, fairly deep with depth at pectoral fin more than head length (Ref. 188, Ref. 51442). Upper jaw notched, lower jaw fitting into it (Ref. 188). Gill rakers long, thin and numerous, total 85 to 130, longer than gill filaments (Ref. 188). Large, thin scales (Ref. 51442). Presence of abdominal scutes (Ref. 51442). A dark spot posterior to gill opening (sometimes absent; occasionally 1 or 2 more spots) (Ref. 188).
Biology:	Amphihaline species, spending most of its life in sea (Ref. 51442). Schooling and strongly migratory species, penetrating far up rivers, but not into small tributaries (Ref. 188). Enters rivers to spawn in May, usually at night and where the current is swift (Ref. 188). Migrating adults do not feed (Ref. 30578). Adults return to sea after spawning while the juveniles move down to the sea in autumn (Ref. 188). Feeds on a wide range of planktonic crustaceans; larger adults feed on small schooling fishes (Ref. 188, Ref. 51442). Less common than Alosa fallax but both have suffered from pollution and weirs or other obstructions (Ref. 188). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten sautéed, broiled, fried and baked (Ref. 9988)
Threatened:	, (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:
Main Ref:	Whitehead, P.J.P.. 1985. (Ref. 188)
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France country information
Common names:	Grande alose, Alose, Alose vraie, Alose vraie, Alose vulgaire, Coulac, Coulaca, Coulacqua, Coulat, Couvert, Grande alose, Poisson de mai, Sabre	Ref: Spillman, C.-J., 1961
Status:	native	Ref: Billard, R., 1997
Salinity:	freshwater, brackish, marine
Abundance:	abundant (always seen in some numbers)	Ref: Rochard, E. and P. Elie, 1994
Aquaculture:	experimental	Ref: Spillman, C.-J., 1961
Uses:	live export: ; gamefish: yes
Comments:	Known from the Atlantic coast (Ref. 51442) and all rivers along the Atlantic coast (Ref. 40476), including Loire (Ref. 51442) and Gironde (Ref. 51442). More rarely on the Mediterranean coast (Ref. 40476). The lacustrine form has been the subject of pisciculture studies for restocking purposes (Ref. 2196). In "Annexe III de la Convention de Berne" and in "Annexes II et V de la Directive Habitats-Faune-Flore" (Ref. 40476). Game fishing is in full rise (Ref. 51442). Also Ref. 188. Status of threat: Vulnerable (Ref. 11941, 30578, 74334).
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/fr.html
Occurrences:	Occurrences Point map
Main Ref:	Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.), 2001
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Checked: Busson, Frédéric

Modified: Torres, Armi G.

Entered: Carpenter, Kent E.

CGNET - US

Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07

	Ref.:		Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)		(e.g. cephalopods)
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