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Kryptolebias marmoratus in Jamaica
Mangrove rivulus

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Kryptolebias marmoratus   (Poey, 1880)
Family:	Rivulidae (Rivulines)			picture (Rimar_u0.jpg) by The Native Fish Conservancy
Order:	Cyprinodontiformes  (rivulines, killifishes and live bearers)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Mangrove rivulus
Max. size:	7.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 27139)
Environment:	benthopelagic; non-migratory; pH range: 7.5; dH range: 16 ; depth range - 0 m
Climate:	tropical; 18 - 24°C; 31°N - 3°N
Global Importance:	aquarium: commercial; bait:
Resilience:	High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (tm=0.5)
Distribution:	North, Central and South America: eastern coasts of Florida (Indian River to Key West) in USA and Bahamas to Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman Island, Brazil, French Guiana, the Netherlands Antilles, Venezuela, Belize, Mexico, Puerto Rico. Throughout Caribbean (Ref. 26938).
Diagnosis:	Dark spot surrounded by yellow ring on side of caudal peduncle, just ahead of upper part of caudal fin base (Ref. 26938).
Biology:	Inhabits shallow, mud-bottomed ditches, bays, salt marshes and other brackish-water environments; also crab burrows (Ref. 5723). Can withstand heavy pollution of fresh or salty waters and shares its biotope with Poecilia vivipara which is much more abundant (Ref. 35237). Usually found in water with low oxygen content (Ref. 7251). Either male or hermaphroditic, females don't seem to exist. Only about 5% of a population are born as males; after 3-4 years about 60% of the (self-fertilizing) hermaphrodites transform into secondary males by losing female structure and function. The proportion of males depends on the environmental temperature. Below 20°C, majority are males, above 25°C all are hermaphrodites (Ref. 35237). It is the only known naturally occurring, self-fertilizing vertebrate (Ref. 13056, 35237). Not a seasonal killifish. Is very difficult to maintain in aquarium (Ref. 27139)
Threatened:	, (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:	Costa, Wilson J.E.M.
Main Ref:	Costa, W.J.E.M.. 2003. (Ref. 36579)
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Jamaica country information
Common names:	[ No common name ]		Ref:
Status:	native		Ref:
Salinity:	freshwater
Regulations:	no regulations		Ref:
Uses:	no uses
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/jm.html
National  Fisheries  Authority:	www.caricom-fisheries.com/jamaica-fisheries
Occurrences:	Occurrences    Point map
Main Ref:	Huber, J.H., 1996
Update

More information:	Countries FAO areas Occurrences Introductions Ecosystem Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Predators Ciguatera Fish loss Common names Synonyms Pictures Sounds Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg dev. Larvae Larval dynamics References Growth L-W relationship L-L relationship Length frequencies Recruitment Max. age & size Metabolism Morphology Morphometrics Gill area Brains Vision Collaborators Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Strains Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Diseases Ecotoxicology Processing Speed Swim. type Stamps
	Note: No data are available if label is black .
Tools:	Biogeographic modelling | E-book | Field guide | Identification keys | Length-frequency Wizard | Life-history tool | Point map |
Internet sources:	BiOSC Point Data | CISTI | Google | GOBASE | GenBank ( genome, nucleotide ) | National databases | PubMed | Scirus | Tree of Life | Zoological Record Other web sites |
	Note: use the Back button of your browser to return to FishBase.
	Checked:  Costa, Wilson J.E.M.	Modified:  Nagassar, Nerissa	Entered:  Bailly, Nicolas

	Ref.:				Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)				(e.g. cephalopods)
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Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07