Country Species Summary

Atherinomorus lacunosus in East Timor
Hardyhead silverside

Atherinomorus lacunosus (Forster, 1801)
Family:	Atherinidae (Silversides) , subfamily: Atherininae	picture (Atlac_u0.jpg) by Randall, J.E.
Order:	Atheriniformes (silversides)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Hardyhead silverside
Max. size:	25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 48635)
Environment:	reef-associated ; depth range 1 - 39 m
Climate:	subtropical; 32°N - 23°S
Global Importance:	fisheries: commercial; bait: usually
Resilience:	Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)
Distribution:	Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaii, the Samoan and Phoenix islands, north to southern Japan and the Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland, Australia and New Caledonia. Recently migrated into the eastern Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. Replaced by Atherinomorus insularum in the Hawaiian Islands (Ref. 37816).
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 5-8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8-11; Anal spines: 1-1; Anal soft rays: 12-17; Vertebrae: 38-43. Distal end of upper jaw extending backward to vertical through anterior border of pupil; free edge of dentary bone almost flat, with no posterior elevation; scales in midlateral series 39-44 (Ref. 9760). Ramus of premaxilla long, extending past vertical through anterior border of pupil. Anus at or in front of ventral tips. Four pit-like pores on dorsal surface of head, usually covered by large scale. Axillary scales large but usually shed. Body green, light yellow or brownish. Upper half of body always darker. Most scales edged with black. (see also Ref. 559).
Biology:	Common in large schools along sandy shorelines and reef margins. Slow moving and not well regarded as bait. Feeds on zooplankton, small bottom-living invertebrates (Ref. 5980). Extremely important as forage fish for larger species (Ref. 3302). Sold fresh, or salted and dried (Ref. 12484). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:	Dyer, Brian S.
Main Ref:	Ivantsoff, W. and L.E.L.M. Crowley. 1991. (Ref. 2909)
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East Timor country information
Common names:	[ No common name ]	Ref:
Status:	native	Ref:
Salinity:	freshwater
Abundance:	common (usually seen)	Ref: Larson, H.K. and B. Pidgeon, 2004
Aquaculture:		Ref:
Uses:	live export:
Comments:	River near Deli
Country Information:
Occurrences:	Occurrences Point map
Main Ref:	Larson, H.K. and B. Pidgeon, 2004
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Entered: Busson, Frédéric

CGNET - US

Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07

	Ref.:		Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)		(e.g. cephalopods)
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