Country Species Summary

Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
Family:	Chanidae (Milkfish)	picture (Chcha_u5.jpg) by Field, R.
Order:	Gonorynchiformes (milkfish)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Milkfish
Max. size:	180 cm SL (male/unsexed; Ref. 9710); 124 cm SL (female); max. published weight: 14.0 kg (Ref. 9814); max. reported age: 15 years
Environment:	benthopelagic; amphidromous ; depth range 1 - 30 m
Climate:	tropical; 15 - 43°C; 46°N - 52°S
Global Importance:	fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; bait: usually
Resilience:	Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=4-8; tmax=15; Fec=200,000)
Distribution:	Indo-Pacific: along continental shelves and around islands, where temperatures are greater than 20°C. Red Sea and South Africa to Hawaii and the Marquesas, north to Japan, south to Victoria, Australia. Eastern Pacific: San Pedro, California to the Galapagos.
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 2-2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13-17; Anal spines: 2-2; Anal soft rays: 8-10; Vertebrae: 46-46. Body elongate and somewhat compressed; mouth small and toothless; branchiostegal rays 4; one dorsal fin; pectoral fins falcate; body olive green; flanks silvery; fins dark bordered (Ref. 55763). Superficially resembles bonefishes but by evolution more advanced by having 4 branchiostegal rays (Ref. 1602). Jaws toothless (Ref. 12693).
Biology:	Found in offshore marine waters and shallow coastal embayments, but also frequently enter estuaries and occasionally penetrate freshwater streams (Ref. 44894). A marine species which enters estuaries and rivers (Ref. 52331). Adults occur in small to large schools near the coasts or around islands where reefs are well developed. Eggs and larvae are pelagic up to 2-3 weeks. Older larvae migrate onshore and settle in coastal wetlands (mangroves, estuaries) during the juvenile stage, or occasionally enter freshwater lakes. Juveniles and sub-adults return to sea where they mature sexually. Spawn only in fully saline water. Larvae eat zooplankton; juveniles and adults eat cyanobacteria, soft algae, small benthic invertebrates, and even pelagic fish eggs and larvae. Larvae are collected from rivers and are grown in culture ponds into juveniles, which are marketed fresh, smoked, canned and frozen. Brood stocks can be raised and spawned in captivity to produce larvae in the hatchery (Ref. 12868). Can thrive and grow in water as hot as 32° C (Ref. 9987)
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:
Main Ref:	Bagarinao, T.. 1994. (Ref. 9814)
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Somalia country information
Common names:	Ilweyn	Ref: Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers, 1996
Status:	native	Ref: van der Elst, R., 1993
Salinity:	freshwater, brackish, marine
Regulations:	no regulations	Ref:
Uses:	no uses
Comments:	Also Ref. 3388, 12484.
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/so.html
Occurrences:	Occurrences Point map
Main Ref:	Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers, 1996
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Modified: Froese, Rainer

Entered: Garilao, Cristina V.

CGNET - US

Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07

	Ref.:		Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)		(e.g. cephalopods)
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