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Anchoa spinifer in Trinidad and Tobago
Spicule anchovy

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Anchoa spinifer   (Valenciennes, 1848)
Family:	Engraulidae (Anchovies)			picture (Anspi_u3.jpg) by Carvalho Filho, A.
Order:	Clupeiformes  (herrings)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Spicule anchovy
Max. size:	24.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 5217)
Environment:	pelagic-neritic ; depth range 1 - 55 m
Climate:	tropical; 14°N - 26°S
Global Importance:	fisheries: minor commercial
Resilience:	High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)
Distribution:	Western Atlantic: Panama to Trinidad and south to at least Santos, Brazil, perhaps further. Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica to the northern border of Peru at 3°34'S, perhaps further. Also found in freshwater.
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 31-37. Snout about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla long, tip pointed, reaching to or a little beyond edge of gill cover; anterior gill rakers mere stumps; hind border of gill cover with a small triangular projection; panamensis-type gill cover canals. Pectoral fin long; anal fin origin below midpoint of dorsal fin base. A silver stripe along flank in small individuals, disappearing with age (Ref. 189).
Biology:	A coastal species that apparently forms large schools. Enters brackish and fresh waters. Feeds on small fishes (including clupeoids) and prawns (Ref. 12225). Seems to spawn over an extended period in Costa Rica (small fishes caught in February, September and October). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9298)
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List  , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:
Main Ref:	Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana. 1988. (Ref. 189)
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Trinidad and Tobago country information
Common names:	Orange anchovy		Ref:  Zaneveld, J.S., 1983
Status:	native		Ref:  Ramjohn, D.D., 1999
Salinity:	freshwater, brackish, marine
Uses:	no uses
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/td.html
National  Fisheries  Authority:	www.cep.unep.org/trini_tbgo/fisheries/index.htm
Occurrences:	Occurrences    Point map
Main Ref:	Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988
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More information:	Countries FAO areas Occurrences Introductions Ecosystem Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Predators Ciguatera Fish loss Common names Synonyms Pictures Sounds Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg dev. Larvae Larval dynamics References Growth L-W relationship L-L relationship Length frequencies Recruitment Max. age & size Metabolism Morphology Morphometrics Gill area Brains Vision Collaborators Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Strains Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Diseases Ecotoxicology Processing Speed Swim. type Stamps
	Note: No data are available if label is black .
Tools:	Biogeographic modelling | E-book | Field guide | Identification keys | Length-frequency Wizard | Life-history tool | Point map |
Internet sources:	BiOSC Point Data | CISTI | Google | GOBASE | GenBank ( genome, nucleotide ) | PubMed | Recipes | Scirus | Tree of Life | Zoological Record
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	Entered:  Froese, Rainer

	Ref.:				Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)				(e.g. cephalopods)
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Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07