Country Species Summary

Alosa chrysochloris in USA (contiguous states)
Skipjack shad

Alosa chrysochloris (Rafinesque, 1820)
Family:	Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)	picture (Alchr_u0.jpg) by The Native Fish Conservancy
Order:	Clupeiformes (herrings)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Skipjack shad
Max. size:	50.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; Ref. 188); max. published weight: 1,700 g (Ref. 4699); max. reported age: 4 years
Environment:	pelagic-neritic; anadromous
Climate:	subtropical; 45°N - 23°N
Global Importance:	fisheries: minor commercial
Resilience:	Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tmax=4)
Distribution:	Western Central Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (from Corpus Christi in Texas eastward to Pensacola in Florida; also in rivers, e.g. Mississippi and Ohio Rivers to Minnesota, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania).
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Anal spines: 0-0. Belly with a distinct keel of scutes. Lower jaw not rising steeply within mouth; teeth prominent at front of lower jaw. Lower gill rakers slender. Back bluish green, abruptly changing to silver on flank; no dark spot at shoulder. Closely resembles A. mediocris of Atlantic coasts, which has no upper and weak lower jaw teeth, a dark shoulder spot and the body deeper than head length (Ref. 188).
Biology:	Enter brackish- and freshwaters, but perhaps not always or not consistently anadromous (Ref. 188), although strongly migratory within rivers (Ref. 10294) , mostly in fast-flowing water where they are renowned for leaping. Feed on small fishes, the juveniles on insects. Spawning times and places not certain. Adults serve as hosts to the larvae (glochidia) of the economically valuable pearly mussel (Fusconaia ebena) of the Mississippi basin (Ref. 188)
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:
Main Ref:	Whitehead, P.J.P.. 1985. (Ref. 188)
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USA (contiguous states) country information
Common names:	Skipjack herring, Blue herring, Golden shad, Green herring, River herring, Skipjack	Ref: Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Status:	native	Ref:
Salinity:	freshwater, brackish, marine
Uses:	no uses
Comments:	Recorded from Gulf Coastal drainages, including the Mississippi River basin, from Apalachicola River west to Colorado River, Texas and sometimes in coastal areas slightly to the east and west of these rivers (Ref. 10294). Also Ref. 188.
States/Provinces:	Florida (native) Minnesota (native) Missouri (native) Pennsylvania (native) Tennessee (native) Texas (native) Wisconsin (native)
States/Provinces Complete?:	No
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority:	www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences:	Occurrences Point map
Main Ref:	Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Starnes, 1993
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Modified: Ortañez, Auda Kareen

Entered: Carpenter, Kent E.

CGNET - US

Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07

	Ref.:		Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)		(e.g. cephalopods)
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