Country Species Summary

Alosa mediocris in USA (contiguous states)
Hickory shad

Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814)
Family:	Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)	picture (Almed_u0.jpg) by IGFA
Order:	Clupeiformes (herrings)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Hickory shad
Max. size:	60.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; Ref. 188)
Environment:	pelagic-neritic; anadromous
Climate:	temperate; 61°N - 26°N
Global Importance:	fisheries: minor commercial
Resilience:	Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.3)
Distribution:	Western Atlantic: along the coast from Maine to the St. John's River, Florida. Also in rivers.
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15-20; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 19-23; Vertebrae: 53-55. Belly with distinct keel of scutes. Lower jaw very prominent, but not rising steeply within mouth; teeth reduced or in upper jaw absent in fishes over 23 cm standard length. A dark spot on shoulder, several obscure dark spots along flank (sometimes missing). Closely resembles A. chrysochloris which has stronger jaw teeth, no shoulder spot and the body depth less than head length (Ref. 188). Silvery, with a dark grayish green back (Ref. 7251).
Biology:	Schools of adults are found in marine waters, along the coast; also estuaries, tidal rivers and tributaries during late spring and early summer (Ref. 4639). Juveniles tend to leave nursery areas during summer (Ref. 4639). Feed on small fishes, also squid, small crabs and other crustaceans, as well as fish eggs. Spawn in tidal freshwater (Patuxent River, Chesapeake Bay in May) (Ref. 188), and return to the sea shortly after (Ref. 4639). Parasites found are nematodes, cestodes and trematodes (Ref. 37032)
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:
Main Ref:	Whitehead, P.J.P.. 1985. (Ref. 188)
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USA (contiguous states) country information
Common names:	Hickory shad, Bonejack, Fall herring, Freshwater taylor, Hickory Jack, Shad, Shad herring	Ref: Randolph, S. and M. Snyder, 1993
Status:	native	Ref: Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000
Salinity:	freshwater, brackish, marine
Uses:	no uses
Comments:	Found throughout Chesapeake Bay (Ref. 4639). Southern New England (Ref. 37512).
States/Provinces:	Delaware (native) Florida (native) Maine (native) New Jersey (native) Virginia (native)
States/Provinces Complete?:	No
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority:	www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences:	Occurrences Point map
Main Ref:	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
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Checked: Froese, Rainer

Modified: Ortañez, Auda Kareen

Entered: Froese, Rainer

CGNET - US

Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07

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		(e.g. 9948)		(e.g. cephalopods)
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