Country Species Summary

Carassius auratus auratus in Hawaii (USA)
Goldfish

Carassius auratus auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Family:	Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps)	picture (Caaur_u5.jpg) by Delgado Saez, J.A.
Order:	Cypriniformes (carps)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Goldfish
Max. size:	59.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 40637); max. published weight: 3,000 g (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 41 years
Environment:	benthopelagic; potamodromous; pH range: 6 - 8; dH range: 5 - 19 ; depth range 0 - 20 m
Climate:	subtropical; 0 - 41°C; 53°N - 22°N
Global Importance:	fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: highly commercial; bait: occasionally
Resilience:	Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.17; tm=1; tmax=30)
Distribution:	Asia: central Asia and China, and Japan (Ref. 6390). Introduced throughout the world. Asian form of the goldfish (Ref. 1739). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 3-4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14-20; Anal spines: 2-3; Anal soft rays: 4-7; Vertebrae: 30-30. Body stout, thick-set, caudal peduncle thick and short (Ref. 1998). Head without scales (Ref. 39167, 1998), broadly triangular (Ref. 1998), interorbital space broad, snout longer than eye diameter, maxillary reaching posterior nostril or not quite to eye (Ref. 39166), barbels lacking on upper jaw (Ref. 39104, 1998). Lateral line complete. Dorsal and anal fins with serrate bony spines, pelvic fins short, broad and thoracic. Nuptial tubercles of male fine, on opercle, sometimes on back and a few on pectoral fins. Hybridize readily with carp, hybrids intermediate in most characteristics (Ref. 1998). Caudal fin with 17-19 rays (Ref. 2196). Last simple anal ray osseous and serrated posteriorly; no barbels (Ref. 43281). Pigmentation: Wild-caught specimens, olive brown (Ref. 39168, 39104), slate olive, olive green, with a bronze sheen (Ref. 39104), silvery, grayish yellowish, gray-silver (Ref. 39169), through gold (often with black blotches) to creamy white (Ref. 1998); yellowish white or white below. Cultured forms vary through scarlet, red-pink, silver, brown, white, black and combinations of these colors (Ref. 39104).
Biology:	Inhabit rivers, lakes, ponds and ditches (Ref. 5258, 10294) with stagnant or slow-flowing water (Ref. 30578). Feed on a wide range of food including plants, small crustaceans, insects, and detritus (Ref. 5258, 10294). They live better in cold water. Goldfish lay eggs on submerged vegetation. Oviparous, with pelagic larvae. They last long in captivity (Ref. 7248). Maximum recorded salinity is 17 ppt (Ref. 39171), but unable to withstand prolonged exposure above 15 ppt (Ref. 39172, 39174). Used as an experimental species (Ref. 4537). Valued as ornamental fish for ponds and aquaria; edible but rarely eaten (Ref. 9987). Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 100 cm (Ref. 51539)
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	potential pest
Coordinator:
Main Ref:	Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo. 1993. (Ref. 7050)
Update \| Add

Hawaii (USA) country information
Common names:	Funa, Goldfish, I'a'ula'ula	Ref: Yamamoto, M.N. and A.W. Tagawa, 2000
Status:	introduced	Ref: Yamamoto, M.N. and A.W. Tagawa, 2000
Salinity:	freshwater, brackish, marine
Uses:	live export: ornamental
Comments:	Known from Hawai'I Island to Kaua'i(Ref. 58302). Brought to Hawaii during the early 1800s from China; commonly kept and bred in taro patches and in the troughs and barrels used to water farm animals; can still be found in Nu'uanu Reservoir No. 4 and in various plantation reservoirs, but has disappeared in various locations with the introduction of gamefishes like largemouth bass, smallmouth bass and tunacare; presently popular as ornamental fish, but was often used as food and a popular way of preparing it was to scale the fish, rub it with rock salt to remove the muddy, freshwater taste, then cut it up and mix ("lomied") with raw onions and salt (Ref. 44091). Also Ref. 1972, 7364.
Country Information:
Occurrences:	Occurrences Point map
Main Ref:	Yamamoto, M.N., 1992
Update

More information:

Countries

FAO areas

Occurrences

Introductions

Ecosystem

Ecology

Diet

Food items

Food consumption

Ration

Predators

Ciguatera

Fish loss

Common names

Synonyms

Pictures

Sounds

Reproduction

Maturity

Spawning

Eggs

Egg dev.

Larvae

Larval dynamics

References

Growth

L-W relationship

L-L relationship

Length frequencies

Recruitment

Max. age & size

Metabolism

Morphology

Morphometrics

Gill area

Brains

Vision

Collaborators

Genetics

Allele frequencies

Heritability

Strains

Aquaculture

Aquaculture profile

Diseases

Ecotoxicology

Processing

Speed

Swim. type

Stamps

Note: No data are available if label is black .

Tools:

Internet sources:

Note: use the Back button of your browser to return to FishBase.

Checked: Yamamoto, Mike N.

Modified: Ortañez, Auda Kareen

Entered: Welcomme, Robin L.

CGNET - US

Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07

	Ref.:		Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)		(e.g. cephalopods)
ThisFishForum Comments & Corrections Sign our Guest Book
Back to Search