Country Species Summary

Carassius auratus auratus in US Virgin Islands
Goldfish

Carassius auratus auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Family:	Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps)	picture (Caaur_u5.jpg) by Delgado Saez, J.A.
Order:	Cypriniformes (carps)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Goldfish
Max. size:	59.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 40637); max. published weight: 3,000 g (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 41 years
Environment:	benthopelagic; potamodromous; pH range: 6 - 8; dH range: 5 - 19 ; depth range 0 - 20 m
Climate:	subtropical; 0 - 41°C; 53°N - 22°N
Global Importance:	fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: highly commercial; bait: occasionally
Resilience:	Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.17; tm=1; tmax=30)
Distribution:	Asia: central Asia and China, and Japan (Ref. 6390). Introduced throughout the world. Asian form of the goldfish (Ref. 1739). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 3-4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14-20; Anal spines: 2-3; Anal soft rays: 4-7; Vertebrae: 30-30. Body stout, thick-set, caudal peduncle thick and short (Ref. 1998). Head without scales (Ref. 39167, 1998), broadly triangular (Ref. 1998), interorbital space broad, snout longer than eye diameter, maxillary reaching posterior nostril or not quite to eye (Ref. 39166), barbels lacking on upper jaw (Ref. 39104, 1998). Lateral line complete. Dorsal and anal fins with serrate bony spines, pelvic fins short, broad and thoracic. Nuptial tubercles of male fine, on opercle, sometimes on back and a few on pectoral fins. Hybridize readily with carp, hybrids intermediate in most characteristics (Ref. 1998). Caudal fin with 17-19 rays (Ref. 2196). Last simple anal ray osseous and serrated posteriorly; no barbels (Ref. 43281). Pigmentation: Wild-caught specimens, olive brown (Ref. 39168, 39104), slate olive, olive green, with a bronze sheen (Ref. 39104), silvery, grayish yellowish, gray-silver (Ref. 39169), through gold (often with black blotches) to creamy white (Ref. 1998); yellowish white or white below. Cultured forms vary through scarlet, red-pink, silver, brown, white, black and combinations of these colors (Ref. 39104).
Biology:	Inhabit rivers, lakes, ponds and ditches (Ref. 5258, 10294) with stagnant or slow-flowing water (Ref. 30578). Feed on a wide range of food including plants, small crustaceans, insects, and detritus (Ref. 5258, 10294). They live better in cold water. Goldfish lay eggs on submerged vegetation. Oviparous, with pelagic larvae. They last long in captivity (Ref. 7248). Maximum recorded salinity is 17 ppt (Ref. 39171), but unable to withstand prolonged exposure above 15 ppt (Ref. 39172, 39174). Used as an experimental species (Ref. 4537). Valued as ornamental fish for ponds and aquaria; edible but rarely eaten (Ref. 9987). Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 100 cm (Ref. 51539)
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	potential pest
Coordinator:
Main Ref:	Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo. 1993. (Ref. 7050)
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US Virgin Islands country information
Common names:	[ No common name ]	Ref:
Status:	introduced	Ref:
Salinity:	freshwater
Regulations:	no regulations	Ref:
Uses:	no uses
Comments:	Introduced to some freshwater ponds and pools (Ref. 26180).
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/vq.html
Occurrences:	Occurrences Point map
Main Ref:	Ogden, J.C., J.A. Yntema and I. Clavijo, 1975
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Checked: Capuli, Estelita Emily

Modified: Froese, Rainer

Entered: Capuli, Estelita Emily

CGNET - US

Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07

	Ref.:		Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)		(e.g. cephalopods)
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