| Main Ref. | Teugels, G.G., 1986 |
|---|---|
| Anmärkningar | Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Refs. 75154, 9773). Inhabits mangroves and coastal bays (Refs. 4887, 9773); also found in coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Forms schools (Ref. 4887), or singly (Ref. 48635). Mainly diurnal. Fast swimming in midwater in pursuit of zooplankton (Ref. 48635). In Hawaii, more abundant from March to October (Ref. 4887). Feeds mainly on fishes (Ref. 26908). Feeds on crustaceans and cephalopods (Refs. 5213, 9773). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
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| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
| Ref. | |
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| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Typ av föda | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Honebrink, R., 1990 |
| Födosöksstrategi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Från födosammansättning | 4.22 | 0.50 | 4.11 | 0.60 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
| Från individuella födoämnen | 3.27 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 | ||||