| 主要參考文獻 | Fricke, R., 1999 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Dwells in rocky reefs. Forms small schools. Feeds on small fishes, squids, small crustaceans, and juvenile lobsters (Ref. 9773). Inhabits clear coastal waters, over rocky reefs. Seldom found in turbid or estuarine waters. Adults in small aggregations near coral reefs. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | schooling; |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | |||||
| 從個別的食物項目 | 4.00 | 0.57 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | |||||