| Ref. principal | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Found in shallow coastal waters, usually over hard or sandy bottoms. Juveniles may be encountered in estuarine areas (Ref. 9626) and off sandy beaches (Ref. 5217). Feeds on small crabs, shrimps, fishes, and worms and other benthic crustaceans (Ref. 26338). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrato | : sand; Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Habitats especiais | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | Coupal, L., E. Bédard, C. Peguero and I.S. Durante, 1992 |
|---|---|
| Associações | schooling; |
| Associada com | |
| Comentários sobre associação | Forms schools, but may be encountered in small groups or in pairs (Ref. 26235). |
| Parasitismo |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.29 | 0.35 | 4.20 | 0.55 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.67 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 | ||||