Thông tin chủ yếu | Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989 |
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Các chú thích | Occur in lentic and lotic freshwater (Ref. 7300); also found in coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Found over shallow sandy bottoms, in the vicinity of river mouths. Enter estuaries and rivers (Ref. 1479). Scale-eating behavior was suggested to originate from modified predation and modified parasite removal (Ref. 28733). Juveniles common in sandy intertidal areas. Omnivorous (Ref. 7300), feeding on fishes, insects, algae, and sand-dwelling invertebrates (Ref. 9710). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Tài liệu tham khảo | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
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Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Forms schools (Ref. 9710). |
Parasitism |
Dạng thức ăn | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Blaber, S.J.M., 1980 |
Nơi ăn mồi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Blaber, S.J.M., 1980 |
Estimation method | Mẫu nguyên thủy (gốc) | Chủng quần không được khai thác | Chú thích | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Từ thành phần dinh dưỡng | 3.93 | 0.46 | 3.68 | 0.55 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
Từ các loại thức ăn | 3.52 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Tài liệu tham khảo | Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005 |