Main Ref. | Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986 |
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Remarks | Benthopelagic. Feeds on squids and fishes (Ref. 127989). Generally confined only in coastal waters over continental shelf, from the surface to at least 200 m. Confined to areas where surface temperature exceed 25°C, its distribution perhaps influenced by seasonal movements of the 18-27°C water mass along the African coast . |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.55 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |