Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
---|---|
Remarks | Found on rough, rocky bottom along the continental shelf and upper slope (Ref. 1371), and in sandy or muddy areas of the Southern Japanese and East China seas (Ref. 9137). A carnivore (Ref. 9137). Feeds mainly on pelagic fishes (Ref. 57119). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Soft Bottom Hard Bottom; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Fujita, T., D. Kitagawa, Y. Okuyama, Y. Ishito, T. Inada and Y. Jin, 1995 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.20 | 0.41 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 4.15 | 0.68 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Fujita, T., D. Kitagawa, Y. Okuyama, Y. Ishito, T. Inada and Y. Jin, 1995 |