Main Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
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Remarks | During the day, it occurs in large schools that slowly move to the boarders of reefs. At nightfall, they move offshore and divide into smaller schools to feed. Feeds on mollusks and crustaceans. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider, 1995 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider, 1995 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.55 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |