Main Ref. | Verburg, P. and R. Bills, 2007 |
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Remarks | Substrate spawner that forms large congregations and maintains small contiguous territories of about 1 m² or less, each occupied by a number of fish including two or more adults, several subadults and juveniles; other species of similar size are chased from their territory; colonies can cover hundreds of square metres at depths of 5 to 20 m with densities reaching 20 to 30 individuals per m²; excavate crevices that function as refuges; crevices shared by several individuals; rarely seen to travel more than 2 m; relatively wary (Ref. 74422). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |