| Main Ref. | Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen, 1966 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | monogamy:facultative |
| Spawning frequency | |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
bearers external brooders |
| Parental Care | paternal |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Displays facultative monogamy where males are constrained to mate with a single female due to resource limitation (Ref. 52884). Males incubate the eggs in the mouth (Ref. 205). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |