Main Ref. | Thresher, R.E., 1984 |
Mode | dioecism |
Fertilization | external |
Mating type | monogamy:obligate |
Spawning frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
Batch spawner | Ref. |
Reproductive guild |
bearers external brooders |
Parental Care | paternal |
Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Clutches of eggs from a single female are mouthbrooded by males (Ref. 57684). Distinct pairing (obligate monogamy) during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205, 52884). Multiple spawner with 10-19 days interval between matings (Ref. 38747). Females attack conspecifics during courtship (Ref. 57684). The operational sex ratio is male biased all throughout the breeding season primarily due to a higher mortality in females, thus sex-role reversal is not predicted for this species (Ref. 57684). |
Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |