| Main Ref. | Johannes, R.E., Squire, L., Graham, T., Sadovy, Y. and Renguul, H. , 1999, Spawning aggregations of groupers (Serranidae) in Palau., Marine Conservation Research Series Publ#1, The Nature Conservancy. 144 pp | ||
| Spawning type | Unknown | ||
| Aggregation type | Transient | ||
| Spawning evidence | |||
| Direct | |||
| Postovulatory follicles; Spawning observation; Hydrated eggs | |||
| Indirect | |||
| Courtship; High seasonal landings; Colour changes associated with spawning | |||
| Status | Unknown | ||
| Lunar phase | New moon; | ||
| Habitat type | Reef channel (pass); Sand; Low relief living reef | ||
| Management | Spawning season sales ban; Time/area closure | Gear | Spear; Hook and Line |
| Country | Palau | ||