分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Pseudocaranx: Greek, pseudes = false + French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
Issue
The species Pseudocaranx cheilio (Snyder, 1904) is considered as valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Mar. 2011: Ref. 86697) following Randall (2007: Ref. 86689). The species Pseudocaranx georgianus (Cuvier, 1833) is considered as valid in CofF ver. May. 2011 following Smith-Vaniz & Jelks (2006: Ref. 76781), with Caranx luna Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817, Caranx platessa Cuvier, 1833, Caranx nobilis Macleay,1881, and Usacaranx archeyi Griffin, 1932 as synonyms. Caranx georgianus (now under Pseudocaranx is also a valid species.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 10 - 238 m (Ref. 58302), usually 10 - 25 m (Ref. 5288). 热带; 40°N - 47°S
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to southern Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean, Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Ascension and St. Helena Island. Indo-Pacific: South Africa, Japan, Hawaii (Ref. 26145), Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, New Zealand. Reported from New Caledonia (Ref. 9070).
西大西洋: 百慕达群岛，北卡罗莱那州, 而且南至巴西南部。 东大西洋: 地中海，亚速群岛，马得拉群岛,加纳利群岛，维德角，阿森松岛与圣赫勒拿岛岛。 印度-太平洋: 南非，日本，夏威夷 (参考文献 26145) ，澳洲，罗得豪岛与诺福克岛，纽西兰。 记录来自新加勒多尼亚了。 (参考文献 9070) 在台湾的发生需要确认。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 34.5, range 28 - 37 cm
Max length : 122 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4887); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9258); 最大体重: 18.1 kg (Ref. 4887); 最大年龄: 49 年 (Ref. 31614)
背棘 (总数): 9; 背的软条 (总数): 25-26; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 21 - 22; 脊椎骨: 25. Greenish blue above, silvery white below; midside of body with yellow stripe; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). LL with 20-26 scutes (Ref. 6390). With maxilla the rear edge sloping slightly forward to its main axis, a large, diffuse dark blotch on the operculum, and a lateral line with 57-78 scales in the curved portion and 34-46 posterior scutes (Ref. 33616).
蓝绿色的上方, 下面银白色的; 体侧中央有黄色的斑纹; 鳃盖有黑色的斑点。 (参考文献 3197) LL 有 20-26个鳞甲。 (参考文献 6390) 与颚骨后缘倾斜的些微地向前到它的主要轴, 一个大又扩散的黑色斑块在鳃盖上, 与一在弯曲的部分与 34-46个在后部的鳞甲中侧线有 57-78 鳞片.(参考文献 33616)
Adults occur in bays and coastal waters, including estuaries (Ref. 9563). Juveniles usually inhabit estuaries, bays and shallow continental shelf waters, while adults form schools near the sea bed on the continental shelf (Ref. 6390). Schools are found at the surface, in mid-water and on the bottom and are often associated with reefs and rough bottom (Ref. 9072). Schools are sometimes mixed with Caranx koheru and Arripis trutta (Ref. 9072). Feed on plankton by ram-filtering and suction feeding and on bottom invertebrates (Ref. 9072, 30206). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Cultured only in Japan. (Ref. 4931). One of the best table fish 'being indeed the salmon of St. Helena' (Ref. 5288).
出现在海湾与沿岸水域, 包括河口。 (参考文献 9563) 稚鱼通常居住于河口, 海湾与浅滩大陆棚水域, 虽然成鱼在大陆棚上的海床附近形成鱼群。 (参考文献 6390) 鱼群被发现在水表面, 在中层水域中与在底部上而且是时常伴随着礁与粗糙的底部.(参考文献 9072) 鱼群有时被混和着 科希鲁鰺［Caranx koheru］ 与 Arripis trutta 。 (参考文献 9072) 捕食浮游生物藉着随机滤食而且吸进滤食与在底栖无脊椎动物上.(参考文献 9072,30206) 养殖只在日本中。 (参考文献 4931). 最好的食用鱼 ' 真正的圣赫勒拿岛的鲑鱼' 之一.(参考文献 5288)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
They are usually partial spawners, releasing eggs in small batches at intervals over a period of several weeks (Ref. 27733).西大西洋: 百慕达群岛，北卡罗莱那州, 而且南至巴西南部。 东大西洋: 地中海，亚速群岛，马得拉群岛,加纳利群岛，维德角，阿森松岛与圣赫勒拿岛岛。 印度-太平洋: 南非，日本，夏威夷 (参考文献 26145) ，澳洲，罗得豪岛与诺福克岛，纽西兰。 记录来自新加勒多尼亚了。 (参考文献 9070) 在台湾的发生需要确认。
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 25.9, mean 22.3 °C (based on 362 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00872 - 0.02289), b=2.96 (2.83 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.18(?); tmax=46(?)).
Prior r = 0.42, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.63, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.5 [11.5, 45.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.594 [0.313, 1.142] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.4, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.144 [0.086, 0.253] g/100g; Selenium = 52.3 [26.4, 100.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 74 [18, 275] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.975 [0.667, 1.364] mg/100g (wet weight);
