分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes)
鱸形目 (Surgeonfishes) >
Ephippidae (Spadefishes, batfishes and scats)
白鯧科 (Spadefishes, batfishes and scats)
Etymology: Chaetodipterus: Greek, chaite = hair + Greek, dipteros = with two fins (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 3 - 35 m (Ref. 26912). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 34°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Ref. 47377).
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西的南里約格朗德.(參考文獻 47377)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 12 - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 50.4 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26466); 最大體重: 9.0 kg (Ref. 7251)
背棘 (總數): 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 21-24; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 18. Very deep-bodied, compressed, disk-shaped fish with a very blunt snout. Irregular, bold, blackish, vertical bands that fade with age. Second dorsal and anal fins have high anterior lobes (Ref. 26938). Mouth small, the maxilla of adults ending beneath nostrils; no teeth on roof of mouth; scales ctenoid; head and fins scaled; opercle ends in an obtuse point (Ref. 13442).
非常深的-身體, 扁長形的, 圓盤-形狀的魚具有一個非常鈍的吻。 褪色隨著年齡的不規則的﹐顯著的﹐和黑色又垂直的條紋。 第二背鰭與臀鰭有高的前面葉。 (參考文獻 26938) 嘴小的, 在鼻孔之下的成魚終止的顎骨; 沒有牙齒在嘴的頂部; 鱗片有櫛鱗的; 頭部與鰭覆有鱗片的; 鰓蓋在圓頭的點結束。 (參考文獻 13442)
Abundant in shallow coastal waters, from mangroves and sandy beaches to wrecks and harbors. Juveniles (black phase) are common in estuaries and often found in very shallow water swimming at an angle resembling dead leaves or as infertile red mangrove pods and other debris. Adults often occur in very large schools of up to 500 individuals (Ref. 9710). Feed on benthic invertebrates like crustaceans, mollusks, annelids, cnidarians as well as on plankton (Ref. 35237). Good food fish (Ref. 5521); marketed fresh (Ref. 5217). Often circles divers (Ref. 9710). Minimum depth from Ref. 9710. In southeastern Brazil found between 23 and 45 m (Ref. 47377). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35425).
豐富的在沿岸淺水區中, 從紅樹林與沙灘到殘骸與港灣。 稚魚 (黑色的階段) 是常見於河口而且時常發現於以一個角游泳相似枯葉的很淺的水域或如無法孕育的紅色紅樹林莢 與其他的殘礫。 成魚時常出現在向上到的非常大群的魚群 500個個體。 (參考文獻 9710) 捕食底棲的無脊椎動物例如甲殼動物，軟體動物，環節動物，刺細胞動物以及浮游生物。 (參考文獻 35237) 好食用魚;(參考文獻 5521) 在市場上銷售生鮮地.。 (參考文獻 5217) 時常包圍潛水者。 (參考文獻 9710) 最小深度從參考文獻 9710. 在巴西東南方中發現在 23 與 45 公尺之間.。 (參考文獻 47377) 曾經後面在繁殖場.(參考文獻 35425)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西的南里約格朗德.(參考文獻 47377)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.6 - 28, mean 25.4 °C (based on 380 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03311 (0.02580 - 0.04250), b=2.94 (2.87 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=8; tm=1; K=0.34).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16 [7, 41] mg/100g; Iron = 0.412 [0.214, 0.762] mg/100g; Protein = 20.3 [19.1, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.165 [0.090, 0.311] g/100g; Selenium = 15.9 [6.9, 34.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.7 [5.6, 116.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.532 [0.327, 0.832] mg/100g (wet weight);
