Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, Escolar : fisheries

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Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)

Escolar
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Lepidocybium flavobrunneum   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Escolar)
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum
Picture by Cambraia Duarte, P.M.N. (c)ImagDOP

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Etymology: Lepidocybium: Greek, lepis = scale + Greek, kybion, -ou = tunna (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina bentopelagisk; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 200 - 1100 m (Ref. 44037). Deep-water; 50°N - 56°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6181)

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Tropical and temperate seas of the World, but probably not occurring in the northern Indian Ocean. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Eastern Atlantic: known from 13°N off Guinea to Lobutu, Angola (Ref. 10816).

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 6181); common length : 150 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 6181); publicerad maxvikt: 45.0 kg (Ref. 3403)

Short description Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 8 - 9; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 16-18; Taggstrålar i analfenan 1-2; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 12 - 14; Ryggkotor: 31. Body almost uniformly dark brown, becoming almost black with age. Pelvic fins well developed, with I spine and 5 soft rays (Ref. 9784). Prominent lateral keel on caudal peduncle, flanked by smaller accessory keels above and below (Ref. 26938).

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Occurs mainly over the continental slope, down to 200 m and more (Ref. 6181). Migrates upward at night (Ref. 6181). Feeds on squid, crustaceans and a wide variety of fishes (Ref. 6181). Flesh oily and may have purgative properties (Ref. 9784). Sometimes caught by tuna long-liners (Ref. 26938). Marketed frozen and as fish cakes in Japan (Ref. 9302).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator : Parin, Nikolay V. | Medarbetare

Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell
FAO - fiskeri: landings; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Ytterligare information

Länder
FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
Stocks
Ekologi
Föda
Födoslag
Födointag
Näringsinnehåll
Populärnamn
synonymer
Metabolik
Predatorer
Ekotoxikologi
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Lek
Spawning aggregation
Fecundity
Ägg
Egg development
Age/Size
Tillväxt
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morfometri
Morfologi
Larver
Larvdynamik
Rekrytering
Abundans
BRUVS
referenser
Vattenbruk
Vattenbruksprofil
Avelslinjer
Genetik
Electrophoreses
Ärftlighet
Sjukdomar
Behandling
Nutrients
Mass conversion
Medarbetare
Bilder
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Ljud
Ciguatera
Hastighet
Simsätt
Gälyta
Otoliths
Hjärnstorlek
Syn

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Special reports

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Internet-källor

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - fiskeri: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Nationella databaser | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | RFE Identification | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 7 - 14.4, mean 9.9 °C (based on 642 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00597 - 0.02312), b=2.98 (2.79 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278):  4.3   ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref. 120179):  Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Assuming tm=4-5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 7.33 [3.81, 15.92] mg/100g; Iron = 0.279 [0.128, 0.578] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [14.9, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.33 [0.19, 0.60] g/100g; Selenium = 29.2 [12.6, 64.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.8 [2.8, 50.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.25 [0.17, 0.37] mg/100g (wet weight);