分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
鱵科 (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hyporhamphus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, rhamphos = beak, bill (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的; 深度上下限 0 - 5 m (Ref. 5227). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 40°S, 98°W - 32°W
Western Atlantic: south Florida (USA), through the Caribbean and along the coasts of Central and South America to Uruguay.
西大西洋: 到緬因州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到阿根廷的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951); 在加勒比海各處.(參考文獻 9710) 烏拉圭.(參考文獻 26938) 東太平洋: 聖地牙哥，美國加州到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 2850)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 18.9 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3723)
Body elongate; lower jaw very prolonged; upper jaw short, triangular, and scaly; lower branch of first gill arch with 29 to 38 gill rakers; fins lacking spines; pectoral fins not very long; caudal fin emarginate or slightly forked; anal fin with 15 to 18 rays; back greenish, with 3 narrow, dark, bars; flanks and belly silvery white; fleshy border of lower jaw red; caudal fin light colored with dark tips (Ref. 55763).
An inshore, surface-dwelling species forming sizeable schools, frequently entering estuaries (Ref. 3723). Uncommon over reefs (Ref. 9710). Omnivorous, feeds on algae and other small animals (Ref. 3723). Caught with 'mandinga' nets in Venezuela, often using lights (Ref. 3723). Edible but not really appreciated (Ref. 3723).
一種近岸的, 居住在水面的種形成可大小的魚群, 時常進入河口.(參考文獻 3723) 在礁稀有.(參考文獻 9710) 雜食性, 吃藻類與其他的小動物。 (參考文獻 3723) 在委內瑞拉用 'mandinga' 網捕獲了, 時常使用光.(參考文獻 3723) 可食用的但是不真的欣賞.(參考文獻 3723)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 36576).西大西洋: 到緬因州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到阿根廷的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951); 在加勒比海各處.(參考文獻 9710) 烏拉圭.(參考文獻 26938) 東太平洋: 聖地牙哥，美國加州到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 2850)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 28.1, mean 27.3 °C (based on 769 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00234 (0.00179 - 0.00307), b=3.09 (3.03 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 0.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 234 [47, 570] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.31, 3.13] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [15.8, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.156 [0.056, 0.474] g/100g; Selenium = 13.1 [4.2, 47.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 47.8 [8.0, 301.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.65 [0.61, 4.77] mg/100g (wet weight);
