分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 降海洄游 (Ref. 51243). 亞熱帶的; 20°C - 31°C (Ref. 36880); 37°N - 0°N, 113°W - 59°W (Ref. 86798)
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Texas in the USA south to Venezuela, including the West Indies.
北美洲: 北卡羅萊那州,佛羅里達,路易斯安那與德克薩斯在那美國到哥倫比亞與委內瑞拉, 包括西印度群島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 16.6, range 12 - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9321)
背棘 (總數): 5; 背的軟條 (總數): 8; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 9
Inhabits pools and runs of small to medium rivers (Ref. 86798). Adults live in freshwater rivers and streams. Young are encountered occasionally in brackish waters. This is the only mullet that ascends far inland and spends all its adult life in freshwater (Ref. 11225). Tend to be few and solitary in upper streams, but form uneven schools in larger streams at lower elevations (Ref. 11225). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Usually spawn during the rainy season (Ref. 42119). Caught and consumed by local populations in some parts of central America.
成魚生活於淡水的河川與溪流。 幼魚被見到偶見於半鹹淡水域。 這是遠溯到內陸,而且渡過它所有的成魚期在淡水中的唯一的烏魚。 (參考文獻 11225) 傾向少數的而且獨居在溪流上游, 但是形成不平坦的在低的海拔群游於較大的溪流.(參考文獻 11225) 卵生的, 卵是大洋性與非黏性物.(參考文獻 205) 通常在雨季的時候產卵。 (參考文獻 42119) 在中美洲的一些部份中被地方族群捕捉而且消費。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning period coincides with the rainy season in some areas where it occurs (Ref. 42119).北美洲: 北卡羅萊那州,佛羅里達,路易斯安那與德克薩斯在那美國到哥倫比亞與委內瑞拉, 包括西印度群島。
Harrison, I.J., 1995. Mugilidae. Lisas. p. 1293-1298. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9321)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 28, mean 26.8 °C (based on 208 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00792 - 0.01824), b=3.03 (2.91 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Fec = 128,827).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 115 [44, 255] mg/100g; Iron = 1.36 [0.64, 2.96] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.7, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.568 [0.271, 1.217] g/100g; Selenium = 16.1 [8.1, 34.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.6 [4.4, 52.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.18 [0.82, 1.76] mg/100g (wet weight);