Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ກ່ຽວກັນຫີນ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ ? - 50 m (Ref. 12204). Subtropical; 44°N - 35°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 12204) and Massachusetts, USA to Brazil, including Bermuda, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 47.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 3696)
Carapace and caudal peduncle blackish with numerous small white spots; lips and bases of fins blackish; terminal edge of caudal fin narrowly white with a blackish submarginal band (Ref. 13442).
Found on coral reefs (Ref. 12204). Solitary or in small groups (Ref. 9710). Feeds on a wide variety of small bottom invertebrates such as mollusks, crustaceans, worms, sessile tunicates and sponges exposed by a jet of water ejected through the mouth (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh locally (Ref. 3696). Toxins released when excited kill other fishes (Ref. 5521). Easily approached (Ref. 9710).
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Coad, B.W., 1995. Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ເປັນການຄ້າໜ້ອຍ; ຕູ້ປາ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ
ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳຂໍ້ມູນການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳສາຍພັນກຳມະພັນElectrophoresesການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກພະຍາດການປຸງແຕ່ງNutrientsMass conversion
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.7 - 28, mean 25.7 °C (based on 396 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.05012 (0.02762 - 0.09093), b=2.77 (2.60 - 2.94), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ສູງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງໜ້ອຍກວ່າ 15 ເດືອນ (Fec assumed to be > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.4 [9.0, 74.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.603 [0.295, 1.440] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [16.8, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.16 [0.08, 0.31] g/100g; Selenium = 19.9 [8.5, 43.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.1 [5.8, 100.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.683 [0.436, 1.092] mg/100g (wet weight);
