分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomberomorus: Latin, scomber = mackerel + Greek, moros = silly, stupid (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 35 m (Ref. 26912). 亞熱帶的; 20°C - 30°C (Ref. 54882); 44°N - 19°N, 97°W - 64°W (Ref. 54882)
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Cape Cod to Miami (USA) and Gulf of Mexico coasts from Florida, USA to Yucatan, Mexico. Three species namely: Scomberomorus tritor in eastern Atlantic, Scomberomorus sierra in eastern Pacific, and Scomberomorus brasiliensis in the Caribbean and Atlantic coast of South America have often been confused with this species. Absent in the Bahamas (Ref. 26938).
西大西洋: 到來自美國佛羅里達到墨西哥的尤卡坦半島的科德角到邁阿密 (美國) 與墨西哥灣海岸的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951)。 三個種即: Scomberomorus tritor 在東大西洋的, 在東太平洋 , 與在南美洲的加勒比海與大西洋海岸的 Scomberomorus brasiliensis 的 Scomberomorus 呈齒狀起伏的山脈 已經時常被與這種互相混淆。 不存在於巴哈馬。 (參考文獻 26938)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 40.5, range 25 - 51.2 cm
Max length : 91.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大體重: 5.9 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 72462)
背棘 (總數): 17 - 19; 背的軟條 (總數): 17-20; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 20; 脊椎骨: 51 - 53. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Lateral line gradually curving down toward caudal peduncle. Vertebrae 21-22 precaudal plus 30-31 caudal, total 51-53. Intestine with 2 folds and 3 limbs. Swim bladder absent. Body covered with small scales. First dorsal fin black anteriorly and at distal margin posteriorly. Generally silvery with sides marked with about three rows of round to elliptical dark spots (orange in life).
腹鰭間的突起小而兩裂的。 側線逐漸地對於尾柄彎曲下來。 脊椎骨 21-22 尾前椎加上 30-31 尾部的, 總計 51-53. 腸道有 2 摺層與 3 肢翼。 泳鰾不存在。 身體覆蓋著小鱗片。 第一背鰭黑色前面地在後部地而在末梢部的邊緣。 通常銀色的有被有顯著的對橢圓的深色斑點的大約三個列的圓的側邊。 (橘色的活著時)
Migrates in large schools over great distances along the shore. Larvae are found in surface waters between 19.6° and 29.8°C with salinities of 28.3 to 37.4 ppt. Feeds mainly on small fishes (clupeoids and anchovies), few quantities of penaeoid shrimps and cephalopods. Casting, live-bait fishing, jigging, and drift fishing are also employed in capturing this species. Aerial spotting is sometimes used in locating the fish. Marketed fresh, frozen or smoked; eaten pan-fried, broiled and baked.
在大群魚群中迴游長距離沿著海岸。 仔魚用 28.3 到 37.4個 ppt 的鹽度被發現於在 19.6個 ° 與 29.8 °C 之間的水表面。 主要吃小魚 (鯡魚與鯷魚) ， 少量的對蝦與頭足類動物。 投擲，活餌釣魚，跳躍與漂流物釣魚也被功能為取得這種。 聚光燈有時被用於找出魚。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了,凍結或煙燻; 吃油鍋炸的﹐火烤的與燒烤的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 到來自美國佛羅里達到墨西哥的尤卡坦半島的科德角到邁阿密 (美國) 與墨西哥灣海岸的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951)。 三個種即: Scomberomorus tritor 在東大西洋的, 在東太平洋 , 與在南美洲的加勒比海與大西洋海岸的 Scomberomorus brasiliensis 的 Scomberomorus 呈齒狀起伏的山脈 已經時常被與這種互相混淆。 不存在於巴哈馬。 (參考文獻 26938)
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 November 2022
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 26.8, mean 24.1 °C (based on 132 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00647 - 0.00975), b=3.02 (2.98 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.3 (2.4 - 5.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-0.38; tm=2-3; Fec=280,000).
Prior r = 0.68, 95% CL = 0.45 - 1.02, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.4 [8.9, 76.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.795 [0.336, 1.892] mg/100g; Protein = 21.3 [20.0, 22.6] %; Omega3 = 0.362 [0.222, 0.615] g/100g; Selenium = 20.7 [7.1, 67.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.7 [3.8, 87.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.468 [0.294, 0.797] mg/100g (wet weight);
