Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 10 - 1500 m (Ref. 26346). Temperate
Southwest Pacific: endemic to New Zealand.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 59.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 118 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 26346); common length : 62.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9258); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 9 Tahun (Ref. 47618)
deskripsi pendek
Morfologi | Morfometrik
Brown dorsally, mottled with white and black spots, and a large dark blotch on each wing; white ventrally (Ref. 26346).
Inhabit the continental shelf and upper slope (Ref. 26346); usually in coastal waters (Ref. 9258). Found partially buried in sand (Ref. 26346). Feed on fish, shellfish, crabs, and worms (Ref. 114953, 26346). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 10.2-12.7 cm long and 6.3-8.3 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 41308).
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Young hatching at about 18-20 cm (Ref. 26346). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
informasi lanjut
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaElectrophoresesDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
mitraGambarStamps, Coins Misc.Suara-suaraCiguateraKecepatanTipe renangArea insangOtolithsOtakPenglihatan / visi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.4 - 12.6, mean 9.2 °C (based on 95 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00282 (0.00133 - 0.00596), b=3.25 (3.08 - 3.42), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.7 [0.7, 81.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.238 [0.022, 2.862] mg/100g; Protein = 14.8 [12.3, 17.9] %; Omega3 = 0.808 [0.354, 1.936] g/100g; Selenium = 20.5 [4.3, 103.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.51 [0.33, 51.42] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.31 [0.02, 3.49] mg/100g (wet weight);
