Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Atlantic horse mackerel

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Perciformes \| Carangidae
Synonyms	Scomber trachurus, Caranx trachurus, Trachurus europaeus, ... more
Common names	... more

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Image of Trachurus trachurus (Atlantic horse mackerel)

Picture by Luquet, D.

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AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1986. (Ref. 4233)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3197); common length : 22.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397); max. published weight: 2,000 g (Ref. 27584)

Length at first maturity

L_m 21.35, range 18 - 43 cm

Environment

Pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 54256), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 54256)

Climate / Range

Subtropical; 67°N - 19°S, 26°W - 41°E (Ref. 54256)

Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic: Norway to South Africa, round the coast to Maputo.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 30 - 36; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 24 - 32. Bluish green, grey or black above, silvery white below; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). Lateral scales tall and keeled. Gill cover with a distinct black spot. First dorsal fin tall (Ref. 35388).

Adults form large schools in coastal areas with sandy substrate. Feed on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Females lay 140,000 eggs, which hatch into 5mm long larvae (Ref. 35388). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Divided into two stocks: West stock and North Sea stock. West stock spawns in a belt from the Biscay to Ireland in early spring, migrates north and eastwards to southern Norway and northern North Sea. North Sea stock spawns in the southern North Sea in summer, migrates to central North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat.


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

Tools
Biogeographic modelling \| Bio-Quiz \| E-book \| Field guide \| Identification keys \| Length-frequency wizard \| Life-history tool \| Point map

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Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos

Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)

PD₅₀ = 0.5000

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.12-0.16; tm=2-4; tmax=11; Fec=70,000)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
High vulnerability (56 of 100)	Medium

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Bailly, Nicolas

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Page last modified by : celloran, 20 January 2010

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