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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jordan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 6 - 200 m (Ref. 36453), usually 70 - 100 m (Ref. 43588). Subtropical; - 43°S
Southeast Pacific: Chile (Ref. 9068). Southwest Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Patagonia, Argentina (Ref. 36453).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 33.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 43588); 62.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 6077)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل): 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل): 78-84; خارهاي باله مخرجي 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 60 - 65; مهره ها: 37 - 39. Scales ctenoid only on the ocular side, cycloid on the blind side (Ref. 43588).
Ranges from the coast to 200 m depth (Ref. 36453). Frequently captured over sandy bottoms (Ref. 42588). Feeds mainly on fishes, also shrimps (Ref. 36453).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.8 - 19.9, mean 10.1 °C (based on 74 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00452 - 0.00638), b=3.16 (3.11 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 71.3 [31.6, 128.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.966 [0.464, 1.748] mg/100g; Protein = 16.1 [13.8, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.208 [0.110, 0.380] g/100g; Selenium = 31.6 [14.3, 71.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.1 [3.5, 55.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.349, 0.788] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.