分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Norman.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 1 - ? m (Ref. 5723). 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 2059); 5°S - 10°S
Africa: most of the Rufiji River and its tributaries, Kingani [= Ruvu] River, Mbwenkuru River and Wami River, all in Tanzania (Ref. 2, 118630, 118638). Populations in Zanzibar and Pemba may be native, although there may also have been some stocking from the mainland (Ref. 118638).
非洲: Rufigi 河與它的支流; Kilombero 與大的 Ruaha 河, 但是不在三角州中; Kingani 與 Mbenkuru 河, 所有的在坦尚尼亞。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4967)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 15 - 18; 背的軟條 (總數): 11-14; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 12; 脊椎骨: 29 - 30. Diagnosis: A large, deep-bodied species; mature males develop enlarged jaws and a concave head profile (Ref. 2, 118638). Other distinguishing characters of this species include: vertebrae 29-30; dorsal spines XV-XVIII, total dorsal rays 27-30, anal spines III; lower gill rakers 19-27; pharyngeal teeth slender, but firm, not crowded, blade of lower bone 0.9-1.25 times length of dentigerous area; and depth of caudal peduncle greater than its length (Ref. 2). Freshly collected males vary in colour: sometimes with grey head, brownish-golden upper parts, or sometimes with pinkish unpaired fins and upper parts; under stress, or after death, males tend towards uniform black body and fins, with reddish-pink dorsal and tail fin margins; females and immatures vary from light grey to dark brownish background, with dark flank patches and an anal fin with faint vertical bars (Ref. 2, 118638).
成熟雄性的顎增大了; 輪廓凹曲。 雌性與非繁殖期的雄性銀色的或鐵-灰色的通常有 2-4 側面中央的斑塊與比較背部的系列顯著的。 繁殖期的雄性通常深色的橄欖色到黑色的, 與背鰭與邊緣的邊緣或上半部尾部的鮮紅色﹐粉紅的或橘色的。 深的眶前骨。 成魚尾鰭有密集的鱗片形狀
A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638); oviparous (Ref. 205). A large, fast-growing species heavily exploited in its native range (Ref. 118638). It was globally cultured in the past, making use of its salt tolerance and ability to produce all-male strains through hybridisation with Oreochromis niloticus and O. mossambicus (Ref. 118638).
出現於溫暖的雜草叢生的溝渠與管。 (參考文獻 5723) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
非洲: Rufigi 河與它的支流; Kilombero 與大的 Ruaha 河, 但是不在三角州中; Kingani 與 Mbenkuru 河, 所有的在坦尚尼亞。
Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.00773 - 0.03248), b=3.00 (2.83 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=500).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
