分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 0 - 132 m (Ref. 57178). 熱帶; 30°N - 36°S, 32°E - 155°E (Ref. 56999)
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf eastward to southern China and Taiwan and northern and northeastern Australia and New Guinea.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣向東至中國南部與台灣與北部與澳洲東北方與新幾內亞。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 15.9 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 34.8 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55968); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9772)
背棘 (總數): 10 - 12; 背的軟條 (總數): 27-32; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 8. Snout rounded but not swollen or projecting; mouth large, oblique; upper jaw extending backward below posterior half of eye; no barbel on chin; teeth in narrow bands, well differentiated into large and small in both jaws, but none canine-like; gill rakers slender, about half length of gill filaments at angle of arch, 9 to 15 on lower limb. Second anal spine moderately long, 24 to 42 % of head length. Scales on head cycloid (smooth). Swim bladder hammer-shaped, the first pair of arborescent appendages entering head beyond transverse septum and sending a palmate branch to the front of pectoral arch. Sagitta (large earstone) with a tadpole-shaped impression, the head of which has its long axis lying obliquely to that of sagitta and the tail expanded and deepened as a hallow cone connected with the head by narrow groove.
吻圓的但是不是腫大或突出; 嘴大的, 斜的; 上頜在眼的後半段之下向後地延伸; 沒有在下巴上的觸鬚; 在狹帶狀中的齒, 很好地分化成大而小的雙顎內, 但是沒有像犬齒一樣的; 鰓耙鰓絲的細長又大約一半長度在突出部位上弓,9 到 15 在下肢上。 第二臀鰭棘中等長度的,24 到 42% 頭長。 在頭部上的鱗片圓形的.(平滑的) 泳鰾鎚型, 進入頭部超過橫跨的隔壁和送胸弓的手掌形分支到前面的樹枝狀附肢的第一對。 矢耳石 (大的 earstone) 具有一個蝌蚪-形狀的印象, 頭那一個有它的矢耳石與尾部斜向到那的長軸擴大而且加深作為一個與狹窄凹槽的頭部相連的聖錐體。
Inhabits shallow coastal waters, estuaries, and rivers. In India, matures at the size of 14 to 16 cm TL; attains an average size of 15.8 cm TL, 20.6 cm TL, and 24 cm TL, at the end of 1 year, 1.5 years and 2 years, respectively. Juveniles prefer crustaceans and as they grow , show piscivorous tendency (Ref. 9772). Marketed fresh and dried salted (Ref. 3490).
棲息於沿岸淺水區，河口與河。 在印度, 在 14 到 16 公分TL 的大小時成熟; 達到一個 15.8 公分TL ， 20.6 公分TL 與 24 公分TL 的平均大小, 在 1 底年,1.5 年與 2 年, 分別地。 稚魚偏愛甲殼動物與當他們生長 , 以魚為食的趨向顯示.(參考文獻 9772) 在市場上銷售生鮮或乾漬了。 (參考文獻 3490)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣向東至中國南部與台灣與北部與澳洲東北方與新幾內亞。
Sasaki, K., 2001. Sciaenidae. Croakers (drums). p.3117-3174. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2791-3380. (Ref. 9772)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 27 September 2018
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 2424 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00325 - 0.00738), b=3.12 (3.00 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.5-0.8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
