分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Borodin.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 半鹹淡水 大洋性; 海洋洄游的. 溫帶; 48°N - 35°N, 45°E - 56°E (Ref. 188)
Former USSR and Asia: Caspian Sea.
前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); common length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. Body fairly elongate, more `herring-like' than `shad-like'. gill rakers thick and coarse, shorter, equal to or a little longer than gill filaments, either straight or curved, pointed or blunt, occasionally even bifurcated at tips. Teeth well developed in both jaws. Other Caspian shads have deeper, more shad-like bodies.
身體相當延長, 更多像鯡魚一樣的 '超過像非魚類一樣的'. 鰓耙厚而粗糙的﹐比較短的, 等於或者稍微長度超過鰓絲, 或直或彎曲的﹐尖的或鈍的, 偶然地甚至在頂端分叉了。 雙顎內的齒發展良好的。 其他的里海非魚類更深地有, 比較像非魚類一樣的身體。
Occurs in brackish water and non-anadromous, but strongly migratory. Feeds on small clupeids, gobies, atherines, also crustaceans and occasionally insects and mollusks. Spawning patterns among the subspecies vary but occur mostly in spring and summer after an inshore migration and movement northward.
出現於半淡鹹水與非溯河洄游產卵, 但是強烈的迴游性。 吃小的鯡魚，鰕虎魚 , atherines, 也捕食甲殼類動物與偶而吃昆蟲與軟體動物。 產卵在亞種之中的圖案改變但是在一個近岸迴游與運動北方之後大部分出現在春天與夏天。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Various spawning patterns among the subspecies (mostly in spring and summer after an inshore migration and movement northward). 前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
更多資訊
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00515 - 0.01169), b=3.01 (2.89 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
