Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Agassiz.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; oceano-estuarine (Ref. 4233); 深度上下限 0 - 140 m (Ref. 36484), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 41°N - 23°S, 98°W - 14°E
Western Atlantic: New Jersey (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to São Paulo, Brazil (Ref. 57756). Eastern Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), Ascension Island, and two confirmed records from the Gulf of Guinea (Ref. 7097).
西大西洋: 紐澤西州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西里約熱內盧。 也整個的加勒比海.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁 (參考文獻 13121) ，阿森松島 , 與二個確認的紀錄從幾內亞灣.(參考文獻 7097)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 37.0, range 34 - ? cm
Max length : 101 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 13.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数): 8 - 9; 背的软条 (总数): 20-22; 臀棘 2-3; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 17. Diagnosis: chest fully scaled (Ref. 81654). No spots on pectoral fins, spot posteriorly on gill cover small or absent; scutes tend to be dusky or blackish; caudal fin yellow; young with broad blackish bars on body (Ref. 13442).
没有在胸鳍上的斑点, 与斑点在鳃盖后面很小或不存在; 鳞甲倾向暗色或黑色的; 尾鳍是黄色的。 幼鱼在身体上有宽的黑色横带。
A pelagic (Ref. 26340) schooling species usually found in offshore reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are encountered along shores of sandy beaches, also over muddy bottoms (Ref. 9626). May penetrate into brackish water and ascend rivers. Adults feed on fishes, shrimps, and other invertebrates (Ref. 3277). Often approach divers (Ref. 9710). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233).
一个大洋性 (参考文献 26340) 群游性种通常发现于外海礁石。 (参考文献 9710) 稚鱼沿着沙滩的海岸被见到, 也在泥底部之上.(参考文献 9626) 进入半淡咸水之内可能深入而且上溯到河。 吃鱼，虾与其他的无脊椎动物。 (参考文献 3277) 时常接近潜水者。 (参考文献 9710)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 紐澤西州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西里約熱內盧。 也整個的加勒比海.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 聖保羅岩礁 (參考文獻 13121) ，阿森松島 , 與二個確認的紀錄從幾內亞灣.(參考文獻 7097)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 26.5 °C (based on 642 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01117 - 0.02703), b=2.92 (2.80 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.48, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.8 [4.5, 19.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.333 [0.174, 0.672] mg/100g; Protein = 20.8 [18.6, 23.3] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.116, 0.354] g/100g; Selenium = 23.8 [10.4, 53.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 42.1 [12.5, 138.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.343 [0.235, 0.533] mg/100g (wet weight);
