Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino demersale. Tropical
Western Atlantic Ocean.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 34.1 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 122735); common length : 20.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5217); peso massimo pubblicato: 119.30 g (Ref. 118626)
Spine dorsali (totale): 9; Raggi dorsali molli (totale): 21-23; Spine anali 3; Raggi anali molli: 17 - 19. Pelvic fins relatively short at all sizes, becoming nearly rudimentary (Ref. 51310).
Adults occur over continental shelves (Ref. 5217). No real fishery (Ref. 51310). Edibility not known (Ref. 51310).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 2003. Carangidae. Jacks and scads (bumpers, pompanos, leatherjacks, amberjacks, pilotfishes, rudderfishes). p. 1426-1468. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 51310)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: pesca di sussistenza
Informazioni ulteriori
Nomi ComuniSinonimiMetabolismoPredatoriEcotossicologiaRiproduzioneMaturitàDeposizioneSpawning aggregationFecundityUovaEgg development
BibliografiaAcquacolturaProfilo di acquacolturaVarietàGeneticaElectrophoresesEreditarietàMalattieElaborazioneNutrientsMass conversion
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.4 - 27.5, mean 25.9 °C (based on 164 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00880 - 0.02485), b=2.86 (2.72 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 1.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).