分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Hilgendorf.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性. 熱帶; 3°N - 5°S
Africa: several shallow saline lakes in central Tanzania (Ref. 118630), like lakes Manyara, Eyasi, Kitangiri, Singida and Sulungali (Ref. 5166, 118638).
非洲: 在坦尚尼亞的湖 Manyara ， Eyasi ， Kitangiri 與 Singida。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4967)
背棘 (總數): 12 - 14; 背的軟條 (總數): 10-12; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 11; 脊椎骨: 30 - 32. Diagnosis: Slender bodied tilapia, characterised by its small eye and slender head profile with terminal mouth (Ref. 118638); further a narrow preorbital bone and scales of nape, dorsum and belly are very small, the transition from flank to belly scales abrupt, along a curve from base of pectoral fin to vent (Ref. 2). The upper profile of the head is nearly horizontal and in specimens larger than 130 mm total length there is a steep rise from the occiput to the dorsal fin; the caudal peduncle is long and dorsal and anal fins do not reach its posterior end when adpressed (Ref. 2). Live territorial males have jet black dorsal fins and are black underneath but are pinkish-red on flank and caudal fin; under stress, such as following capture, the flanks darken and the whole fish appear dark grey, apart from the reddish tailfin; females and non-territorial males grey/silver with pale ventral region (Ref. 118638).
鑑別: 眶前骨狹窄的 (參考文獻 2) 與有鱗的, 有四個孔.(參考文獻 2,4967) 頭部的上面輪廓幾乎水平, 在標本中凹曲 130 mm 與;之上 尾柄長的, 背鰭與臀鰭不達到後端 , 當緊貼的時候.(參考文獻 2)
描述: 眼非常小的.(參考文獻 2,54846) 眼間隔相當狹窄的; 顎與吻不在繁殖方面增大了魚。 (參考文獻 2) 在鼻孔與眼之間延伸至的嘴.(參考文獻 2989) 齒非常小的 (參考文獻 2,2989), 放在狹帶狀之內了.(參考文獻 2) 咽齒非常細且多.(參考文獻 2) 鱗片圓形的.(參考文獻 2989,54846) 在頰部 (參考文獻 2) 上的 2-4 列中的鱗片, 通常在到眶前骨上延伸.(參考文獻 2,54840) 在胸鰭基底與腹鰭之間的 6-10個鱗片.(參考文獻 2) 在胸的側面與較小的鱗片與腹面的正常鱗片之間的突然轉變.(參考文獻 2,2989,54840,54846) 鰓耙短與鈍地三角形的在雄性中, 時常擴大到在雌性中的正方形或鏟形的; 沒有微-鰓刺.(參考文獻 2) 長度一直增加的背鰭棘到最後的.(參考文獻 2989) 胸鰭不或只有少延伸超過排洩孔 (參考文獻 54840), 不達到垂直的從臀鰭起點.(參考文獻 2989) 腹鰭達到排洩孔。 (參考文獻 2989) 尾柄長度超過深的.(參考文獻 54840)
體色 活著時: 雌性: 橘色的-銀色的, 淡灰色的背面.(參考文獻 2) 尾部的與腹鰭淡的橘色 (參考文獻 2), 臀鰭與胸鰭黃色.(參考文獻 54846) 在頰部上的在鰓蓋與一個藍色的條紋上的彩虹色的區塊; 咽喉淡黃色的橘色; 雄性: 較深色的頭部與身體 (參考文獻 2) ，側面與背面呈綠色的.(參考文獻 54846) 垂直的鰭黑色.(參考文獻 2) 軟的背部 (參考文獻 2,54846) 與臀鰭有白色的斜線.(參考文獻 2) 尾鰭黃綠色的.(參考文獻 54846) 兩性: 沒有在側面 (參考文獻 54836) 上的斑紋或橫帶, 除了非常小的標本 (10-45 mm).(參考文獻 54846) 每個鱗片具有一個藍色的中央斑點。 (參考文獻 2989,54846) 保存的標本: 雌性: 臀鰭、腹鰭, 尾部的與背鰭只有微弱暗色; 雄性: 背鰭、臀鰭與腹鰭灰色的到黑色的, 尤其在邊緣, 在軟人上有成列的白色點背部的.(參考文獻 2) 尾鰭乳黃色的-把雄性與雌性都有染色; 沒有 吳郭魚 -標誌.(參考文獻 2)
Found in lakes (Ref. 4967); small bodied forms are present in Lake Eyasi, Lake Manyara and Lake Sulungali, while large bodied forms can be found in Lake Kitangiri and Lake Singida (Ref. 4967, 118638). It is microphagous (Ref. 54840). A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 2, 118638). Limited potential as an aquaculture species, it comprises a high proportion of the catch in lakes where it is found (Ref. 118638). IUCN conservation status is endangered, due to restricted distribution, drought and overfishing (Ref. 118638). There is some indication of hybridization with Oreochromis niloticus and O. esculentus (Ref. 118638).
棲息於湖; 生長到只有在鹽分較高的湖 Eyasi 與 Manyara 中的大約 13 公分, 但是達到一個較大的大小在鹽分較低的情況.(參考文獻 4967,54836) 吃微生物.(參考文獻 54840) 口孵者.(參考文獻 2)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638). Breeding cycle of about 7 weeks; there is evidence of biparental mouthbrooding (Ref. 2).非洲: 在坦尚尼亞的湖 Manyara ， Eyasi ， Kitangiri 與 Singida。
Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (B1ab(i,iii,v)); Date assessed: 31 January 2006
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.00827 - 0.04391), b=3.01 (2.82 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.3 [9.2, 128.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.05 [0.48, 2.47] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.5, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.174 [0.085, 0.377] g/100g; Selenium = 51.6 [24.6, 109.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.8 [1.7, 41.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.73 [0.95, 4.05] mg/100g (wet weight);
