分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
鯛科 (Porgies)
Etymology: Sarpa: Spanish, sarpo, sapo = toad; a toad-fish (1753) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 70 m (Ref. 3688). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 40°S, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay and Strait of Gibraltar to Sierra Leone, including Madeira, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde; Congo to South Africa. Also present in the Mediterranean.
東大西洋: 比斯開灣與直布羅陀海峽到賽拉里昂, 包括馬得拉群島，加納利群島與維德角; 剛果到南非。 也出現在地中海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 16.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4781)
背棘 (總數): 11 - 12; 背的軟條 (總數): 14-17; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 15. Black spot at the pectoral fin base. Body relatively slender with 10 golden longitudinal stripes (Ref. 35388).
在胸鰭基底的黑色斑點。 身體相當細長的與 10條金的縱向斑紋.(參考文獻 35388)
Found over rocky substrates and sandy area with algal growth. Gregarious, sometimes forming sizeable schools. Young mainly carnivorous on crustaceans, adults almost exclusively herbivorous (Ref. 4781), feed on seaweeds (Ref. 36731). Protandric hermaphrodite (Ref. 4781). Tasty when fresh, but easily softens and is not much esteemed (Ref. 3198).
發現在岩石的底部與沙的區域上.有海藻生長。 群居的, 有時形成可大小的魚群。 幼魚主要肉食性的吃甲殼動物, 成魚幾乎專門食草的 (參考文獻 4781), 吃海草.(參考文獻 36731) 雄性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 4781) 好吃的新鮮時, 但是容易變軟而不是不是很多的讚賞.(參考文獻 3198)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Sex change occurs at 25.0 cm TL and 3.75 years of age (Ref. 55367). Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, including possible gonochorism (Ref. 103751). Also Ref. 28504.東大西洋: 比斯開灣與直布羅陀海峽到賽拉里昂, 包括馬得拉群島，加納利群島與維德角; 剛果到南非。 也出現在地中海。
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: occasionally
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 24, mean 18.8 °C (based on 232 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.01109 - 0.01364), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=15; tm=2; K=0.20-.027;).
Prior r = 0.30, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.49, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 64 [31, 129] mg/100g; Iron = 0.921 [0.492, 1.748] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.253 [0.129, 0.524] g/100g; Selenium = 28.6 [13.5, 56.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.5 [3.3, 38.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.88, 1.85] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
