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Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ahl.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性. 熱帶; 9°S - 10°S
Africa: Lake Kiungululu [=Lake Chungruru], a small oligotrophic crater lake in the Rungwe Mountains in Tanzania (Ref. 54852, 118630, 118638), and probably Lake Masoko (Ref. 54852).
非洲: 湖 Chungruru, 在 Rungwe 山中的一個火山口湖, 在坦尚尼亞的馬拉威湖的北方。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.4 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2)
背棘 (總數): 14 - 15; 背的軟條 (總數): 10-12; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 11; 脊椎骨: 30. Diagnosis: A relatively small bodied tilapia species; larger individuals were found to have large heads, thin bodies and an overall emaciated appearance, referred to as 'hunger form tilapia' (Ref. 118638). Length of head 37.6-40.5% of standard length; toothed area of lower pharyngeal with concave sides; median length of bone 1.0-1.24 times its width and 31.6-35.5% of head length; blade 1.2-1.4 times median length of toothed area; length of lower jaw 32.0-39.0% of head length; teeth of jaws in 4 or 5 rows (Ref. 2). Females and non-territorial males have grey bodies and 4-5 vertical bars; ventral region lighter; some juveniles very dark overall (Ref. 118638). Breeding males black with a thin white/orange dorsal margin (Ref. 2, 118638).
鑑別: 繁殖期的雄魚黑色; 頭長 37.6-40.5% SL; 低咽骨的有齒區域有凹的側邊; 硬骨 1.0-1.24 的平均長度倍於它的寬度與 31.6-35.5% 頭長; 倍有齒區域的平均長度的葉片 1.2-1.4; 下頜 32.0-39% 頭長的長度; 在 4 或 5 列中的顎的齒.(參考文獻 2)
描述: 高的頭部:身體比.(參考文獻 54852) 嘴在鼻孔與眼之間延伸.(參考文獻 1820) 在 3-4 系列中在上頜 (參考文獻 1820,54852) 的齒,4-5 在低的.(參考文獻 54852) 鱗片圓形的 (參考文獻 1820), 在頰上的 2-3 系列中.(參考文獻 1820,54852) 持續背棘最長的; 第三個臀鰭硬棘長度超過最後的背棘; 胸的鰭達成中央或臀鰭的末端; 腹鰭不達到臀鰭。 (參考文獻 1820) 尾部的不濃密地覆有鱗片的 (參考文獻 1820,54852), 但是有延伸部份的小鱗片-方法沿著上、下鰭條.(參考文獻 54852) 生殖乳突有兩個短分支 (參考文獻 2) 的串, 從一個棒狀的基底出現。 (參考文獻 54852) 睪丸寬的﹐白色的與彎曲的當完全成熟的時候.(參考文獻 2)
體色 保存的標本: 使雄性成熟深褐色的, 包括鰭與背部的垂部; 大約 5 公分的標本有深色的背鰭與背面，而且垂直地被生產的四個黑色的斑點沿著側面的中央; 大約 6 公分的標本灰白的沒有斑紋，垂直的鰭微弱暗色.(參考文獻 54852)
The maximum reported total length is 19.5 cm (Ref. 2, 118638); the maximum standard length of 19 cm (Ref. 4967) is not correct (G.F. Turner, pers. comm.). A maternal mouthbrooder; males defend territories in shallow water, digging a pit among branches and roots of reeds (Ref. 118638). Like Oreochromis hunteri, this species appears to be confined to a single lake without an outlet (Ref. 4967). The single population of this species is probably very small and vulnerable and is likely to support a sustainable fishery; the small adult size of the species would suggest minimal potential for aquaculture (Ref. 118638). Its IUCN conservation status is critically endangered, based on risk of siltation and water level fluctuations due to drought; in addition, populations are likely to have been impacted by the stocking of the lake with Coptodon rendalli and Tilapia sparrmanii, which are both presently abundant (Ref. 118638).
例如 O. hunteri, 這種狀似侷限於沒有一個出口的一個湖。 (參考文獻 4967)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
A maternal mouthbrooder; males defend territories in shallow water, digging a pit among branches and roots of reeds (Ref. 118638).非洲: 湖 Chungruru, 在 Rungwe 山中的一個火山口湖, 在坦尚尼亞的馬拉威湖的北方。
Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (B1ab(v)+2ab(v)); Date assessed: 22 May 2018
人類使用
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.00827 - 0.04391), b=3.01 (2.82 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
