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Teleostei >
Centrarchiformes (Basses)
鱸形目 (Basses) >
Kyphosidae (Sea chubs)
科 (Sea chubs)
Etymology: Kyphosus: Greek, kyphos = bent (Ref. 45335); sectatrix: Named for its distributional range, restricted to Atlantic Ocean..
More on author: Linnaeus.
Issue
Regarded as nomina dubia by Sakai & Nakabo, 2014 (Ref. 95333). See explanation of the correct name choice to Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) versus saltatrix in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Oct. 2012: Ref. 92135).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 30 m (Ref. 9626), usually 1 - 10 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 29°S, 98°W - 16°E
Circumglobal.
西大西洋: 對美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951) 向南至巴西 (參考文獻 7251), 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海。 (參考文獻 9626) 東大西洋: 摩洛哥到幾內亞灣的南方;(參考文獻 7373) 聖保羅岩礁 (參考文獻 13121) ，阿森松島與聖赫勒拿島。 很少發現於地中海與外海的馬得拉群島了。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5288); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大體重: 6.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 11-12; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 11. Gray overall, with faint yellow lines on side and yellow line from corner of mouth to preopercle (Ref. 26938). Upper part pf opercular membrane blackish. The young may display pale spots nearly as large as eye on the head, body and fins (Ref. 13442). Each jaw with a regular row of close-set, strong, incisor-like, round-tipped teeth of a peculiar hockey stick-shape, their bases set horizontally, resembling a radially striated bony plate inside mouth (Ref 52729).
灰色整體的, 在側邊與從嘴角到前鰓蓋骨的黃線上有模糊的黃線.(參考文獻 26938) 上半部 pf 鰓蓋薄膜黑色的。 幼魚可能顯示灰白的斑點在頭部，身體與鰭上幾乎與眼一樣大.(參考文獻 13442) 每個頜具有固定的一列靠攏在一起, 特殊曲棍球桿的強﹐像門牙一樣的﹐和圓頂端齒-形狀, 他們的基底水平地豎立, 相似裡面的一個放射狀有條紋多骨的碟嘴 (參考文獻 52729).
Inhabits shallow waters, over turtle grass, sand or rocky bottom and around coral reefs (Ref. 3725). Young commonly found among floating Sargassum seaweeds (Ref. 3725). Feeds on plants, mainly on benthic algae, as well as on small crabs and mollusks (Ref. 6547, 44187). Also feeds on spinner dolphins’ feces and vomits at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, southeast Atlantic. The offal feeding may be regarded as a simple behavioral shift from plankton feeding to drifting offal picking (Ref. 48727). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3725).
棲息於淺水域, 遍及泰來海藻, 沙子或岩石的底部與珊瑚礁的周圍.(參考文獻 3725) 幼魚通常發現於漂浮 馬尾藻 海草中.。 (參考文獻 3725) 吃植物, 主要吃水底的藻類 , 以及小的螃蟹與軟體動物.(參考文獻 6547,44187) 在 Fernando de Noronha 列島，東南大西洋也吃飛旋海豚的殘渣與吐出物。 碎肉進食可能是從浮游生物進食到漂流碎肉採集視為單一的行為變化。 (參考文獻 48727) 在市場上銷售生鮮地.。 (參考文獻 3725)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 101771).西大西洋: 對美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951) 向南至巴西 (參考文獻 7251), 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海。 (參考文獻 9626) 東大西洋: 摩洛哥到幾內亞灣的南方;(參考文獻 7373) 聖保羅岩礁 (參考文獻 13121) ，阿森松島與聖赫勒拿島。 很少發現於地中海與外海的馬得拉群島了。
Knudsen, S.W. and K.D. Clements, 2013. Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Zootaxa 3751(1):001-101. (Ref. 95491)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.1 - 28, mean 27 °C (based on 1240 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00624 - 0.03346), b=3.01 (2.81 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.6 [9.4, 39.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.545 [0.304, 0.913] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [18.1, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.081, 0.262] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [8.3, 38.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.2 [7.6, 106.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.968 [0.639, 1.461] mg/100g (wet weight);
