分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows)
狗魚目 (Pikes and mudminnows) >
Umbridae (Mudminnows)
蔭魚科 (Mudminnows)
Etymology: Umbra: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on author: DeKay.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 3 - 8; 非遷移的. 溫帶; 4°C - 23°C (Ref. 1672); 42°N - 30°N
North America: Atlantic and Gulf slopes from southeastern New York (including Long Island) to St.Johns River drainage in Florida and west to Aucilla River drainage in Florida and Georgia, USA (Ref. 5723). Introduced (but very localized) to central and western Europe (Ref. 59043).
北美洲: 對聖的大西洋斜坡與海灣斜坡從東南方的紐約 (包括長的島)在佛羅里達的約翰河流域而且在佛羅里達與美國喬治亞州西至 Aucilla 河流域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 3.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.7 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 88166); 15.0 cm TL (female)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 14-15; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 11. Body robust, thick, little compressed; head bluntly conic; snout short, equal to diameter of eye; mouth moderate, jaws short, mandible protrudes slightly beyond tip of upper jaw, premaxillaries not protractile. Gill rakers short and numerous. Dorsal inserted near pectoral than caudal base; pelvic inserted just before origin of dorsal , rays of depressed fin reaching to about 3rd anal ray. Caudal fin rounded, with 18-20 rays (Ref. 2196).
Pigmentation: yellowish green with 10-12 narrow lateral dark stripes; a dark stripe through eye; a black basicaudal bar; lower jaw pale; fins plain. Also Ref. 40476.
身體結實的﹐厚的﹐和小的扁長形的; 頭部鈍地圓錐的; 吻短,等於眼的直徑; 嘴中等的, 顎短, 下顎伸出上頜的略超過頂端，不可伸出的前上頜骨。 鰓耙短與很多的。 背部的超過尾部的基底在胸鰭的附近插入; 腹鰭就在起源之前插入背部的 , 延伸到大約第三個臀鰭鰭條的扁平鰭的鰭條。 尾鰭圓形的, 與 18-20個鰭條.(參考文獻 2196)
顏色： 淡黃綠色的具有 10-12 狹窄的側面深色的斑紋; 經過眼的一條深色的斑紋; 一條黑色的基尾骨橫帶; 下頜灰白的; 鰭平原。 也參考文獻 40476.
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Inhabits quiet streams, sloughs, swamps and other wetlands over sand, mud and debris, often among dense vegetation. Juveniles also found among aquatic vegetation, often forming schools of 10-12 individuals (Ref. 39069). An introduced species in Europe which usually occurs in small isolated ponds and peat bogs (Ref. 59043). Oviparous, larvae remain in algal nest for about 6 days (Ref. 39067). Spawning takes place in April and May (Ref. 30578). Feeds on insect larvae, worms, mollusks, crustaceans alevins. Experimental studies show that this species can tolerate acidic environment, particularly, at ph values ranging from 4.0 to 7.0 where no mortality or significant changes in blood plasma osmolarity and haematocrit was observed (Ref. 59260).
出現在在沙子, 泥與殘礫上的安靜溪流，泥坑, 沼澤與其他的窪地, 常見於茂密的植物之中。 稚魚也發現於中水生植物, 時常 10-12 的形成群體個體.(參考文獻 39069) 卵生的, 仔魚逗留在海藻的巢大約 6 天之久.(參考文獻 39067) 產卵發生於四月與五月.(參考文獻 30578) 捕食昆蟲幼生，蠕蟲，軟體動物，甲殼動物剛孵化的小魚。
實驗的研究顯示在被範圍從 4.0 到 7.0 沒有必死的命運或者血漿 osmolarity 與 haematocrit 方面的重要改變被觀察的地方的酸鹼度價值,這種能容忍酸性的環境,特別地.(參考文獻 59260)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
北美洲: 對聖的大西洋斜坡與海灣斜坡從東南方的紐約 (包括長的島)在佛羅里達的約翰河流域而且在佛羅里達與美國喬治亞州西至 Aucilla 河流域。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 商業性
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6329 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00504 - 0.02078), b=3.10 (2.91 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1.5-2; Ave. Fec=342).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
