分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps)
鯉形目 (Carps) >
Catostomidae (Suckers)
亞口魚科 (Suckers) > Catostominae
Etymology: Catostomus: Greek, kata = down + Greek, stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335); catostomus: catostomus meaning inferior mouth, alluding to the ventral position of the mouth..
More on author: Forster.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.5 - 7.8; dH range: 5 - 25; 深度上下限 ? - 180 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 0°C - 15°C (Ref. 12468); 38°N - 32°N
North America: throughout most of Canada and Alaska; Atlantic Slope south to Delaware River drainage in New York, USA; Great Lakes basin; upper Monongahela River drainage in Maryland and West Virginia, USA; Missouri River drainage south to Nebraska and Colorado, USA. Also in Arctic basin of Siberia in Russia. Occurs in Columbia River System (Molly Hallock, pers. comm.).
北美洲: 在大部分的加拿大與阿拉斯加州各處; 大西洋斜坡在美國的紐約州南至德拉瓦河流域; 五大湖流域; 在美國馬里蘭州與西維吉尼亞州的蒙濃格拉河上游流域; 密蘇里河流域南至內布拉斯加與美國科羅拉多州。 也在俄國的西伯利亞的北極流域。 出現於哥倫比亞河流域 (莫利 Hallock ， pers. comm.)。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 64.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 22.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 3.3 kg (Ref. 28924); 最大年齡: 20 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 9-11; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 7; 脊椎骨: 45 - 47. Distinguished by the sucking mouth located on the ventral sides of the head and thick papillose lips (Ref. 27547). Gill rakers short; lateral line complete, inconspicuous; caudal tips slightly rounded (Ref. 27547). Adults may be reddish brown, dark brassy green or black above, paler on the lower sides, with the ventral parts white; young fish are usually dark gray with small black spots; breeding males are usually dark above with a brilliant reddish stripe along each side, while females are greenish gold to copper, with a less brilliant red stripe; breeding males show prominent tubercles on the rays of the anal and caudal fins and also on the head (Ref. 27547).
區別的特徵為被位於頭部的腹側邊與厚的乳突狀的唇上的吸奶的嘴了。 (參考文獻 27547) 鰓耙短; 側線完整, 不明顯的; 尾部的頂端略圓的。 (參考文獻 27547) 成魚可能是紅褐色的, 深色的黃銅色的綠色或黑色的上方, 較灰白的在下面的側邊上, 藉由腹的部份白色; 幼魚通常是深灰色有小的黑色斑點; 繁殖期的雄性通常是背面深色的具有一個色彩豔麗的淡紅斑紋沿著兩邊,，雌性是呈綠色的金色到銅, 具有一個比較不色彩豔麗紅色的斑紋; 繁殖期的雄性在臀鰭與尾鰭的鰭條以及頭部上顯示突出的小瘤。 (參考文獻 27547)
Found in clear, cold, deep water of lakes and tributary streams; occasionally found in brackish water in the Arctic (Ref. 5723). Moves from lakes into inlet streams or from slow, deep pools into shallow, gravel-bottomed portions of streams to spawn (Ref. 27547). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 1998). Young are preyed upon by other fishes and fish-eating birds; while adults in spawning streams are taken by mammals, osprey and eagles (Ref. 1998). Utilized as a food fish or as dog food (Ref. 27547).
發現於了清澈的, 寒冷, 湖與支流的深水域; 偶然地在北極圈發現於半淡鹹水了。 (參考文獻 5723) 從湖到小水灣溪流的移動或從慢地，深水池進入溪流到的水淺又礫石底部分之內產卵.(參考文獻 27547) 吃底棲的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 1998) 幼魚被其他的魚與吃魚的鳥捕食; 雖然成魚在產卵的溪流中被採自哺乳動物，白鷺的羽毛與鷹.(參考文獻 1998) 作為食用魚或作為狗食.(參考文獻 27547)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawns only during daytime (Ref. 27547). At spawning, males lie close to the bottom in the current of the spawning area while females stay along the banks and in still water (Ref. 27547). A female moves from the bank of the stream usually escorted by 2-4 males to the spawning area at the center of the stream. The males crowd beside her; egg deposition occurs as the males try to clasp the female with their pelvic fins or vibrate against her with their anal fins. This spawning act lasts for 3-5 seconds and may occur as often as 6-40 times per hour. After the eggs are deposited, the sexes separate and return to their previous stream positions (Ref.1998). Fish that moved out of a lake to spawn generally return to the lake a few days after spawning. However, river-resident fish may stay on or near the spawning area for much of the summer (Ref. 27547). Many spawn in two or even three consecutive years but others may skip one or two years between spawning (Ref. 10928).北美洲: 在大部分的加拿大與阿拉斯加州各處; 大西洋斜坡在美國的紐約州南至德拉瓦河流域; 五大湖流域; 在美國馬里蘭州與西維吉尼亞州的蒙濃格拉河上游流域; 密蘇里河流域南至內布拉斯加與美國科羅拉多州。 也在俄國的西伯利亞的北極流域。 出現於哥倫比亞河流域 (莫利 Hallock ， pers. comm.)。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 February 2020
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00796 - 0.02287), b=2.99 (2.84 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=2-10; tm=20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
