分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 1371), usually 300 - 500 m (Ref. 54573). 溫帶; 0°C - 4°C (Ref. 1371); 82°N - 37°N, 95°W - 61°E (Ref. 54573)
North Atlantic: Norfolk Canyon and George Bank north to Labrador, Davis Strait, eastern and western Greenland, Iceland, and from the Irish Atlantic slope north to Faeroe Islands, Norwegian coast, to Spitzbergen, and to the Barents Sea.
北大西洋: 諾福克峽谷與喬治湖淺堆北至拉布拉多，戴維斯海峽, 東、西格陵蘭，冰島與從愛爾蘭的大西洋斜坡北至法羅群島，挪威的海岸, 對 Spitzbergen, 與到巴倫支海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 54.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 35388); 最大年龄: 25 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0. Snout short, rather strongly pointed; mouth small, inferior. Underside of head almost entirely naked. Pyloric caeca about 19 or 20. Overall color is gray, darker ventrally on trunk; anal fin dark-edged, first dorsal and pectoral fins dusky (Ref. 1371). Front end of dorsal fin spine is serrated (Ref. 35388).
吻短, 相当强烈尖; 嘴小的, 下方的。 头部的下面几乎完全裸露。 幽门盲囊大约 19 或 20. 整体的色彩是灰色, 比较黑的腹地在躯干上; 臀鳍黑色边的, 第一背鳍与胸鳍暗色的.(参考文献 1371) 背鳍棘的前端被锯齿状的。 (参考文献 35388)
Epibenthic, in deep waters down to 2740 (Ref. 58426). Adults are commonly found in about 300-500 m depth. Temperature preferences appear to range from about 1-4°C, although bottom temperatures below 0°C have been recorded at capture depths. Amphipods predominate in the diet, although polychaetes and various natant crustaceans are also important. Also feed on bivalves, isopods, echinoderms (notably ophiuroids), and ctenophores (Ref. 1371). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846).
普遍地栖息于大约 300-500 公尺深。 温度偏爱似乎范围从到处 1 - 4 °C,虽然底部温度低于 0 °C 曾经在抓取深度记录。 片脚类动物在食性中成为主流,虽然多毛类而各种不同的漂浮甲壳动物也是重要的。 也吃二枚贝，等足目动物，棘皮动物 (特别地阳燧足) 与栉水母。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
北大西洋: 諾福克峽谷與喬治湖淺堆北至拉布拉多，戴維斯海峽, 東、西格陵蘭，冰島與從愛爾蘭的大西洋斜坡北至法羅群島，挪威的海岸, 對 Spitzbergen, 與到巴倫支海。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.8 - 7, mean 3.2 °C (based on 434 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00248 - 0.00639), b=3.19 (3.05 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 28.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tm=15; tmax=25; Fec=25,000).
Prior r = 0.32, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.50, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 12.2 [5.7, 24.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.198 [0.103, 0.362] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [14.5, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.328 [0.147, 0.688] g/100g; Selenium = 32.3 [13.1, 73.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.5 [3.6, 76.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.546 [0.348, 0.859] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
