Pholis gunnellus, Rock gunnel : aquarium

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Pholis gunnellus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Rock gunnel
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Pholis gunnellus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Pholis gunnellus (Rock gunnel)
Pholis gunnellus
Picture by Noren, M.

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Zoarcoidei (Eelpouts and pricklebacks) > Pholidae (Gunnels) > Pholinae
Etymology: Pholis: Greek, pholis, -idos = scale (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 48978), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 35388). 極; 72°N - 43°N, 76°W - 45°E

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

North Atlantic: Kanin Peninsula southward to La Rochelle (including White Sea, North Sea and Baltic), also Iceland, but not eastern Greenland, Spitzbergen or Novaya Zemlya. Western Atlantic: Labrador, Canada to Delaware Bay, USA (Ref. 7251).
北大西洋: Kanin 半島向南至 La 羅謝爾 (包括白海,北海與波羅的海), 也冰島, 但是不是東方的格陵蘭, Spitzbergen 或新地島。 西大西洋: 在加拿大到美國德拉瓦灣的拉布拉多.(參考文獻 7251)

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4693); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 72462)

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

Ribbon - shaped body with 9 - 13 eye spots along the base of the dorsal fin (Ref. 35388).
缎带 - 形状的身体有 9- 13个眼斑沿着背鳍基底。 (参考文献 35388)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occurs in shallow waters (seashore, tide pools), but descends (especially in winter) to 100 m or more. May remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds (Ref. 31184). Feeds on small crustaceans, polychaetes, mollusks and fish eggs. The eggs are laid on the sea bed in a large clump, which is closely guarded until hatched (Ref. 9900). Breathes air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Spawning occur in November - January . Female lays 80-200 eggs in a large ball under a stone or in an empty bivalve shell (Ref. 35388).

出现于浅水域 (海岸, 潮池), 但是对 100个公尺或更多下降 (尤其冬天时)。 可以停留在岩石或海草下面离开水面.(参考文献 31184) 吃小型甲壳动物,多毛类动物,软件动物与鱼卵。 卵在大的丛中海床上生产, 是接近地直到孵化保卫.(参考文献 9900) 呼吸空气当离开水面.(参考文献 31184) 产卵出现在十一月 - 一月。 母鱼存贮 80-200个卵在一块石头下面的一个大的球或在一个空的双壳贝中.(参考文献 35388)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Male and female coil around the egg ball (Ref. 58332).北大西洋: Kanin 半島向南至 La 羅謝爾 (包括白海,北海與波羅的海), 也冰島, 但是不是東方的格陵蘭, Spitzbergen 或新地島。 西大西洋: 在加拿大到美國德拉瓦灣的拉布拉多.(參考文獻 7251)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Makushok, V.M., 1986. Pholididae. p. 1124-1125. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4693)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  不评价 

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的





人类利用

渔业: 没有兴趣; 水族馆: 商业性
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

更多信息

俗名
同种异名
新陈代谢
捕食者
生态毒物学
繁殖
成熟度
产卵场
产卵群集
孕卵数

卵的发育
参考文献
养殖
养殖信息
品种
遗传学
Electrophoreses
遗传率
疾病
加工
Nutrients
Mass conversion
合作者
照片
Stamps, Coins Misc.
声音
神经毒
速度
泳型
鳃区
Otoliths
脑重体重比
眼睛色素

工具

特别资料

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网络资源

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | 核实 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: , | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: 基因组, 核苷酸 | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | 国家资料库 | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | 公众的水族馆 | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 树状分类阶层 | Wikipedia: 转至, 搜寻 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 动物学的记录

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 4.3 - 11.9, mean 9.5 °C (based on 692 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00209 (0.00110 - 0.00398), b=3.17 (3.00 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.46 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-3; K=0.18-0.29; tmax=12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 45.4 [22.6, 102.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.459 [0.178, 0.913] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [16.6, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.25 [0.12, 0.51] g/100g; Selenium = 11 [4, 27] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.6 [2.9, 73.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.637 [0.420, 0.952] mg/100g (wet weight);