分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 425 m (Ref. 6793). 溫帶; 52°N - 24°N, 131°W - 110°W
Eastern Pacific: Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, Canada to Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
東太平洋: 夏洛特聲音皇后，加拿大卑詩省到馬格德拉灣，墨西哥南下加利福尼亞。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 32.0, range 29 - 39 cm
Max length : 56.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2850); 最大体重: 1.5 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 35 年 (Ref. 56049)
背棘 (总数): 13; 背的软条 (总数): 13-16; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 9; 脊椎骨: 26. Head spines very weak - preoculars present, nasal, supraocular and parietal spines usually absent, postocular, tympanic, coronal and nuchal spines absent; chin projects outward; preopercular spines fairly strong; anal fin small and rear edge slanted posteriorly, 2nd anal spine short; body slender (Ref. 27437). Caudal fin moderately indented (Ref. 6885). Pinkish red to copper pink, white ventrally; lateral line in bright red zone; caudal fin dusky (Ref. 27437).
头部棘非常弱的 - preoculars 存在的，鼻的，和眶上而腔壁的棘通常不存在，眶后的，和鼓皮似的, 冠与颈背的棘不存在; 下巴向外突出; 相当强劲的前鳃盖骨棘; 臀鳍小的与在后部地被使倾斜的后缘, 第二个臀鳍硬棘短; 身体细长的.(参考文献 27437) 尾鳍一般切割成锯齿状。 (参考文献 6885) 略带桃色的红色到铜粉红色, 腹侧白色的; 在鲜红色区域中的侧线; 尾鳍暗色的.(参考文献 27437)
Adults frequent deep rocky reefs as well as sand and mud bottoms; young are pelagic (Ref. 36715) and occur in shallower waters (Ref. 2850). Feed on euphausiids (Ref. 6885), krill, small squids and fishes (Ref. 2850). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
成鱼常常聚集于深的岩礁以及沙与泥底部; 幼鱼是大洋性的 (参考文献 36715) 而且出现在较水浅的水域。 (参考文献 2850) 捕食磷虾 (参考文献 6885) ，磷虾，小的乌贼与鱼。 (参考文献 2850) 胎生的, 仔鱼为浮游性.(参考文献 36715) 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻; 油炸后食用, 煮沸了, 微波了而且烧烤了。 (参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Viviparous (Ref. 36715, 34817).東太平洋: 夏洛特聲音皇后，加拿大卑詩省到馬格德拉灣，墨西哥南下加利福尼亞。
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 9.7, mean 8.2 °C (based on 39 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00499 - 0.02004), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.24; tm=4; tmax=27; Fec=29,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.4 [8.5, 73.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.242 [0.103, 0.603] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 1.34 [0.55, 3.24] g/100g; Selenium = 40.2 [14.5, 117.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.4 [7.4, 48.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.429 [0.226, 0.756] mg/100g (wet weight);
