分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Cottoidei (Sculpins)
鮋形目 (Sculpins) >
Cottidae (Sculpins)
杜父魚科 (Sculpins)
Etymology: Leptocottus: Greek, leptos = thin + Greek, kottos = a fish (Ref. 45335); armatus: Leptocottus meaning slender Cottus; armatus armed, referrign to the sharp preopercular spines (Ref. 4930).
More on author: Girard.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 156 m. 溫帶; 60°N - 33°N
Eastern Pacific: Izembek Lagoon, on the southeastern Bering Sea coast of Alaska to Bahia San Quintin, northern Baja California, Mexico.
東太平洋: Izembek 潟湖, 在阿拉斯加到 Bahia 桑河 Quintin ，墨西哥的下加利福尼亞北部的東南方白令海海岸上。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2850); common length : 35.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 28936)
背棘 (總數): 6 - 8; 背的軟條 (總數): 15-20; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 15 - 20; 脊椎骨: 37 - 39. Distinguished by the large upper preopercular spine ending in 3 or 4 sharp, upturned, curved spinules and by the large, dark spot on the posterior part of the spiny dorsal fin (Ref. 27547). Gill rakers reduced to flat, bony plates, each bearing a cluster of small teeth; lateral line nearly straight; each pore associated with a small subdermal cartilaginous plate (Ref. 27547). Caudal rounded (Ref. 6885). Grayish olive to rather green, occasionally with some yellow, dorsally; orange-yellow to white or silvery below lateral line; spiny dorsal dusky, with a black spot near tips of last 3 spines, a white band below it; soft dorsal fin dusky, with several oblique white to yellowish bands; pectorals yellow with 5 or 6 dark greenish bars; caudal dusky with one or two pale bands; anal and pelvic fins pale (Ref. 27547).
區別的特徵為在刺狀背鰭的後面部份上末端形成 3 或 4 銳利的﹐朝上的﹐和彎曲的小刺與藉由大又深色的斑點的大的上面前鰓蓋骨棘了。 (參考文獻 27547) 鰓耙縮小成平坦的, 骨質板,每個生長著一簇小的齒; 側線幾乎是直的; 每個孔伴隨著一個小的皮下軟骨的碟了。 (參考文獻 27547) 尾鰭圓的.(參考文獻 6885) 淺灰色的橄欖色到相當綠色, 偶然地有一些黃色, 背面; 橘黃色的到白色或下面銀色的側線; 刺狀的背部暗色的, 具有一個在最後 3根棘的頂端附近的黑色的斑點, 在它之下的一條白色的條紋; 軟的背鰭暗色的, 有一些斜的白色到淡黃色的條紋; 胸鰭黃色的有 5 或 6條深色的呈綠色的橫帶; 尾部的暗色有一或二條灰白的條紋; 臀鰭與腹鰭鰭灰白的.(參考文獻 27547)
Commonly found near shore, especially in bays and estuaries; most frequently on sandy bottom (Ref. 2850). Intertidal individuals breath air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Can leave tide pools if aquatic conditions become inhospitable (Ref. 31184). Although some individuals may spend their entire life in highly saline waters (Ref. 28693), some newly metamorphosed young move from the estuarine spawning sites to completely fresh water and may remain there for up to 6 weeks (Ref. 27547). Adults apparently tend to remain in the shallow lower estuary, or farther offshore (Ref. 27547). Feeds mostly on crabs, shrimps and amphipods, but also takes larval, juvenile and adult fishes, as well as polychaete worms, mollusks and other invertebrates (Ref. 4930). Expands its gill covers and produces a low-pitched humming sound when stressed (Ref. 6885). Considered a nuisance by anglers (Ref. 27547).
普遍地在海岸附近發現, 尤其在海灣與河口中; 最時常在沙質底部上.(參考文獻 2850) 潮間帶的個體呼吸空氣當離開水面.(參考文獻 31184) 如果水生的環境變成不適居留，能離開潮池。 (參考文獻 31184) 雖然一些個體可能渡過在高鹽度的水域 (參考文獻 28693) 中的他們的整個生活, 但是，一些最近變態的對完全地淡水的幼魚移動從河口的產卵區而且可能逗留在那裡超過 6個星期。 (參考文獻 27547) 成魚顯然地傾向逗留在水淺的低河口, 或更遠的外海.(參考文獻 27547) 大部份捕食螃蟹，蝦與片腳類動物, 也捕食幼蟲的, 稚魚與成魚, 以及多毛類的蠕蟲, 軟體動物與其他的無脊椎動物.(參考文獻 4930) 伸展它的鰓蓋與生產一個低調的嗡嗡叫的健全當受驚時.(參考文獻 6885) 被認為是一個垂釣者的討厭東西了。 (參考文獻 27547)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 101741).東太平洋: Izembek 潟湖, 在阿拉斯加到 Bahia 桑河 Quintin ，墨西哥的下加利福尼亞北部的東南方白令海海岸上。
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
人類使用
水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.5 - 14.1, mean 8.7 °C (based on 352 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00518 - 0.02023), b=3.19 (3.01 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.64 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1; tmax=10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 66.7 [29.5, 146.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.418 [0.197, 0.881] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.0, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.668 [0.293, 1.935] g/100g; Selenium = 18.9 [8.9, 45.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.11 [2.78, 24.42] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.618 [0.413, 1.057] mg/100g (wet weight);
