Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas bentopelágico; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 30 - 500 m (Ref. 3198). Subtropical; 42°N - 22°S, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: off Portugal and Strait of Gibraltar to Namibia, including Cape Verde and the Canary Islands. Also from the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 10.8, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 2683)
Espinhos dorsais (total): 11 - 12; Raios dorsais moles (total): 10-11; Espinhos anais 3; Raios anais moles: 8. Body and fins reddish; anal fin and lower part of caudal fin edged with white.
Inhabit rocky or sandy bottoms; individuals descending to greater depths with growth. The stocks migrate seasonally between the coast and deeper waters in accordance with local hydrographic conditions and their life cycle. Feed mainly on fish and crustaceans; the young on plankton (Ref. 3688). Gonochorists (Ref. 4781).
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim
Mais informação
ReferênciasAquaculturaPerfil para aquaculturaEstirpesGenéticaElectrophoresesHereditariedadeDoençasProcessamentoNutrientsMass conversion
ColaboradoresFotografiasStamps, Coins Misc.SonsCiguateraVelocidadeTipo de nataçãoÁrea branquialOutras referênciasCérebrosVisão
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13 - 16.8, mean 14.9 °C (based on 168 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00900 - 0.01464), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.16-0.25; tmax=13; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.98, 95% CL = 0.65 - 1.47, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 51 [29, 94] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.58, 1.75] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.7, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.452 [0.262, 0.807] g/100g; Selenium = 43.7 [22.3, 85.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.4 [5.7, 51.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.637 [0.453, 0.886] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.